Undergraduate Degrees and Certificates

Bachelor’s Degree Requirements

  1. General Education
  2. Program of Emphasis (POE)
  3. Juniata Portfolio. All Juniata students will complete a portfolio of their work from their general education courses and from their POE capstone course. These requirements are described by the General Education Committee.
  4. A minimum of 120 credit hours with a grade of D- or better, including the courses described above.
  5. A minimum cumulative grade point average of 2.0 on a 4.0 scale.
  6. Policies

Residency

Students are allowed to transfer credits during their last semester within the provisions of the transfer policy. However, 30 of the last 36 credits must be taken in residence. There are degree requirements that are unique to Juniata and may not be completed elsewhere. Students participating in cooperative programs, study abroad programs, and other Juniata-approved programs are considered to be in residence.

Effective Date

Students must complete the graduation requirements in effect on the date of their matriculation.

Participation in Commencement Ceremony

There are two distinct processes that indicate completion of a student’s academic career: satisfactory completion of academic requirements and participation in the commencement ceremony. This policy is solely concerned with the ceremonial event of commencement; i.e. not the conferral of degree. 

Students who have not completed all graduation requirements will be permitted to participate in the commencement ceremony under the following circumstances: 

  • The remaining coursework consists of not more than eight academic credits, and the student is in good academic standing, defined in 3.1.5.2 Academic Standards of Progress. Whenever possible, the student submits a request to participate to the Registrar’s Office by April 1st for consideration. The request to participate must provide a specific, detailed, and realistic plan for completing the remaining credits by the end of the summer and approved by the Registrar’s Office. 
  • Students who have studied away and are waiting for official transcripts from the external institution may participate in the commencement ceremony if verification of sufficient academic progress at the external institution is provided to the Registrar’s Office. 
  • Partner degree students who are waiting for official transcripts from their home institution may participate in the May commencement ceremony. 
  • Students in 3+ programs may participate in the commencement ceremony following their fourth or fifth year if verification of sufficient academic progress at the external institution is provided to the Registrar’s Office. 
  • 3+ programs are defined as designated programs where a student completes their final year at an external institution. 

Petitions for all exceptions will be reviewed by the Student Academic Development Committee as provided in Section 1.6.1.4.B.2 of the Faculty Handbook. The committee will report decisions to the Provost. 

Students who have not completed all outstanding requirements by the start of the academic semester following commencement will be charged an enrollment fee per term. Students who have not completed all outstanding requirements within three years will be administratively withdrawn and readmission will be required. 

General Education Requirement

General Education Mission: General education engages students in common academic experiences that integrate learning across academic fields with distinctive ways of knowing and develop habits of mind necessary for reflective choices and effective action in fulfilling careers, engaged citizenship, and meaningful lives. All general education courses will make contributions to a student portfolio. 

A. First Year Experience 

First year students take part in a two-semester course sequence (five credits in the first semester and 3 credits in the second semester) designed to help prepare them for success at Juniata. 

1. First Year Foundations 

First Year Foundations consists of a one-credit course in the first semester. This course provides students with the resources, skills, and information that will assist them in mastery of academic and social life at Juniata College. Along with acquisition of skills and knowledge, students will reflect on their journey at the start of their Juniata career, helping to set the path for the rest of their academic career. Students will add reflection to their portfolio to document their academic progress at Juniata College. Through thoughtful reflection of the Principles of the Liberal Arts Lifestyle, the Attributes of a Juniata Graduate, and the College’s Mission Statement, students will engage with their classmates as they lay the foundations of success. This course will connect students with a wide variety of campus resources. 

Students will demonstrate their ability to meet the following learning outcomes: 

• substantively reflect on their own values and future goals 
• substantively reflect on their place within the local and global community 
• describe how a holistic and intentional approach to life fosters our collective wellbeing 

Students will “think about who you are.” What does it mean for students to be in college, at this place, at this time? What are their goals for the future? Students will consider their values and goals both individually and in the context of a larger community: campus, Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, and the world. Additionally, students work to develop skills necessary for lifelong learning. 

2. First Year Composition 

First Year Composition is a four-credit course taken during the first semester of the first year. It focuses on developing critical reading, writing, and analytical skills. Course themes will be chosen by individual instructors. All First Year Composition courses are designated using an FYC course prefix, with the topic following the course number. 

First Year Composition courses follow a process-oriented approach to college work and include peer review, individual conferences with the instructor, and revision cycles.

While course content will vary by instructor, there will be a two-week module related to diversity, organized around the instructor’s selections from a common set of readings. These common readings will be determined by a learning community that includes some of those faculty members teaching the course. 

The goals of the course are to introduce students to different types of reading and writing using varied models, genres, and forms (such as popular, scholarly, digital, and print). These courses build students’ information literacy skills, rhetorical knowledge, critical thinking, and knowledge of appropriate genre and style conventions. First Year Composition courses will focus on developing these skills to prepare students for future academic work. 

First Year Composition courses are capped at 18 students per section. 

Students will demonstrate their ability to meet the following learning outcomes: 

  • write a persuasive argument using writing process strategies including invention, research, drafting, sharing with others, revising in response to reviews, and editing 
  • use a variety of credible secondary sources as evidence 

3. First Year Seminar 

First Year Seminar is a three-credit course taken during the second semester of the first year. It is an introduction-by-immersion to college-level learning. Seminar topics are chosen by individual instructors and may, but need not, be interdisciplinary. All First Year Seminar courses are designated using an FYS course prefix, with the topic following the course number. 

The format is primarily seminar, with the option of some lecture in support of seminar discussions. The content of the course is built on challenging reading and will include an approximately two-week module on the liberal arts, organized around the instructor’s selections from a common set of readings, which gives explicit attention to such things as the role of the liberal arts, how the course topic fits into the liberal arts, and how engagement with the topic can contribute to the common good and to “thinking about who you are.” Students develop the intellectual skills of analyzing evidence and arguments by examining issues such as what counts as evidence, what makes arguments strong or weak, and common errors in reasoning (what logicians call “informal fallacies”). 

First Year Seminars are capped at 18 students per section. 

Students will demonstrate their ability to meet the following learning outcomes: 

  • communicate effectively through written and oral expression 
  • demonstrate analytical thinking, critical questioning, and examination of evidence 
  • use a variety of credible primary and secondary sources as evidence 

B. Ways of Knowing 

The Ways of Knowing requirement teaches students to think critically and intellectually about the world, introduces students to different epistemological perspectives, and helps students realize the benefits of interdisciplinary inquiry and a liberal arts education. 

Because dialogue, debate, and active learning are central to the liberal arts tradition, Ways of Knowing courses will emphasize seminar formats or active learning and are capped at 28 students (lower caps are permissible if requested by the instructor and approved by the department chair and the Provost’s Office. Each Ways of Knowing requirement may be met through a single course or through a planned sequence of courses totaling at least three credits. 

To foster an awareness of how Ways of Knowing are similar or different, each course or sequence of courses must include some comparison with another Way of Knowing. Faculty and students will consider how this second Way of Knowing supplements our understanding of the course topic. All Ways of Knowing courses are thus at least partially interdisciplinary. 

Instructors of Ways of Knowing courses will identify with and demonstrate expertise appropriate to the Ways of Knowing category they are teaching. 

The following policies govern Ways of Knowing courses: 

  1. A course may have only one Way of Knowing designation and may not carry any other general education designation. 
  2. Each Ways of Knowing course will have First Year Composition as a prerequisite or will have First Year Composition as a corequisite, determined by the instructor of the course. 
  3. Ways of Knowing courses may have no prerequisites other than First Year Composition except that in the case of a planned sequence of courses that satisfy the Ways of Knowing requirement, advanced courses in the sequence may require earlier courses in the sequence as prerequisites. 
  4. An individual student must satisfy the Ways of Knowing requirement with courses that each have a different course prefix. 
  5. Any Ways of Knowing course may simultaneously satisfy the Ways of Knowing general education requirement and count toward a Program of Emphasis, a Secondary Emphasis, or a Certificate. 
  6. Students must complete Ways of Knowing courses in at least two categories by the end of their second year. 
  7. With the approval of their advisors, students may waive one Ways of Knowing course that corresponds to a way of knowing inherent in their Program of Emphasis. Students whose Program of Emphasis embodies more than one way of knowing must choose which Ways of Knowing course to waive. 

A course or planned sequence of courses totaling at least three credits is required in each of the following categories: 

1. Creative Expression 

Students explore their own potential to produce creative work through the study of the creative process and the practice of creativity and self-expression. Students will acquire the requisite skills to produce or perform a work of art and will explore the role of artistic expression in society. 

Students will demonstrate their ability to meet the following learning outcomes: 

  • communicate effectively as appropriate for the audience (e.g., through written, oral, visual, or artistic expression) 
  • create or perform a work of art 
  • reflect on art as a vehicle for self-reflection, expression, or as a way of addressing issues that face society 

2. Formal Reasoning 

Students learn to think with rigor and precision through the study of formal systems and the application of deductive reasoning. Students will develop critical thinking and reasoning skills; use formal systems to identify, analyze, and solve problems; and critique current practices, structures, or claims through the application of formal reasoning. 

Students will demonstrate their ability to meet the following learning outcomes: 

  • articulate the purpose of a formal language and give examples of its utility 
  • use deductive reasoning correctly 
  • represent a context in the formal language and manipulate the symbols of the language to analyze or draw conclusions 

3. Humanistic Thought 

Students learn to engage in theoretical, historical, or critical analysis of texts, art works, cultural artifacts, or cultural practices. Students develop the analytic techniques and interpretive skills to appreciate human experiences and their representations and will be prepared to ask fundamental questions of value, purpose, and meaning.

Students will demonstrate their ability to meet the following learning outcomes: 

  • communicate effectively through written and oral expression 
  • use analytic techniques and interpretive skills to appreciate human experiences and their representations 
  • ask and explore fundamental questions of value, purpose, and meaning 

4. Social Inquiry 

Students will learn to synthesize and apply qualitative or quantitative research to analyze human behavior, social organization, and the capacities that make society possible. Students will use reason and evidence to recognize and analyze distinctive forms of human behavior and social organization. Students will reflect on how social processes influence understanding of self, interactions with others, or access to power and resources. Students will explore ethical questions raised by social inquiry and consider its role in relevant public practices, policies, or popular media. 

Students will demonstrate their ability to meet the following learning outcomes: 

  • communicate effectively through written and/or oral expression 
  • synthesize and apply qualitative or quantitative research to analyze human behavior, social organization, or social institutions 
  • consider the role of social inquiry in relevant public practices, policies, or popular media 

5. Scientific Process 

Students gain an understanding of what is known or can be known about the world through the study and practice of developing hypotheses, making observations, analyzing quantitative data, and drawing evidence-based conclusions. Students will explore ethical questions raised by scientific inquiry and consider its role in relevant public practices, policies, or popular media. 

Students will demonstrate their ability to meet the following learning outcomes: 

  • manipulate and interpret quantitative information to draw appropriate conclusions 
  • engage in scientific reasoning through the use of theories, hypotheses, data, and conclusions 
  • consider the role of science in relevant public practices, policies, or popular media 

C. Connections 

Taken in the third or fourth year, Connections courses are team-taught by two or more instructors who bring different disciplinary perspectives to address a common topic. Students will learn to integrate knowledge and skills from multiple disciplinary perspectives to examine an issue through different

ways of knowing. The Connections requirement may be met through a single course or through a planned sequence of courses totaling at least three credits. 

The following policies govern Connections courses: 

  1. Students must complete Ways of Knowing courses in at least two categories before taking a Connections course. 
  2. A Connections course may not carry any other general education designation. 
  3. Any Connections course may simultaneously satisfy the Connections general education requirement and count toward a Program of Emphasis, a Secondary Emphasis, or a Certificate. 

Connections courses are capped at 16 students per instructor. 

Students will demonstrate their ability to meet the following learning outcomes: 

  • communicate effectively through written and oral expression 
  • address a challenging problem or question 
  • integrate knowledge and skills from different disciplinary approaches and ways of knowing to address a common topic 

D. Self and the World 

How should we engage with the world? What responsibilities do we have to our local and global communities? Self and the World courses foster the capacities necessary for wellbeing and responsible citizenship. These capacities include ethical reflection and a sense of purpose, knowledge of how diversity shapes the American experience, and knowledge about global challenges and cultural diversity. Together, these courses encourage us to engage with human diversity, contemplate questions about a just society, and consider the conditions that foster individual and collective wellbeing. 

Self and the World course designations can be applied to any course in which one of the major course goals is to address a Self and World category. That is, Self and World courses need not focus exclusively on a given Self and the World category, but must include this content as one of the major course goals and the focus of a portfolio contribution. Self and the World instructors will demonstrate expertise in their Self and the World category. 

Because dialogue, debate, and active learning are central to the liberal arts tradition, Self and the World courses will emphasize seminar formats or active learning or projects involving collaboration with community partners. Self and the World courses are capped at 28 students (lower caps are permissible if requested by instructor and approved by the department chair and the Provost’s Office). Self and the World courses should strive to involve students in activities and reciprocal partnerships that extend outside of the classroom as they are designed to promote engagement with the world. 

The following policies govern Self and the World courses: 

  1. A course may have only one Self and the World designation and may not carry any other general education designation. 
  2. Each Self and the World course, except foreign language courses, will have First Year Composition as a prerequisite or will have First Year Composition as a corequisite, determined by the instructor of the course. 
  3. Other than foreign language and local engagement courses, Self and the World courses may have no prerequisites other than First Year Composition. 

Students will complete each of the following requirements: U.S. Experience, Ethical Responsibility, Global Engagement, and Local Engagement. 

1. U.S. Experience 

In what ways are U.S. experiences shaped by intersectional characteristics such as race, gender, and socioeconomic status? U.S. Experience courses focus on understanding the current or historical experiences of different groups within the U.S. (identified by, for example, gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, geographic origin, immigration status, age, ability, or religion). Classes will address intersectionality, which refers to how identity-based systems of oppression and privilege overlap, connect, and influence one another. Students will critically examine systems such as racism and colonialism and their use of power, privilege, oppression, marginalization, and structural inequity and how these systems are challenged by cultural resilience and resistance. Coverage of such issues outside the U.S., such as through comparative methods, is optional. 

In order to create a holding environment for difficult conversations and discourse, instructors of these courses are required to be engaged in sustained diversity training. 

Students who complete this course will demonstrate their ability to meet the following learning outcomes: 

  • critically describe and respectfully discuss dimensions of diversity and intersectionality within U.S. social, cultural, political, or historical contexts critically examine lived experiences of participation in, and resistance and resilience to, systems of power, privilege, oppression, marginalization, and structural inequity within the U.S. 

2. Ethical Responsibility

What do we owe ourselves, our neighbors, and the world? Ethical Responsibility courses foster students’ senses of empathy and social and ethical responsibility. Students will learn to engage in ethical reasoning and take the perspectives of different participants in situations requiring ethical judgment. Students will assess their own ethical values, explore the social contexts of problems, recognize and understand ethical issues in different settings and traditions, and consider ramifications of alternative actions. 

The Ethical Responsibility requirement may be met through a single course or through a planned sequence of courses totaling at least three credits. 

Students will demonstrate their ability to meet the following learning outcomes: 

  • communicate effectively as appropriate for the audience (e.g., through written, oral, visual, or artistic expression) 
  • engage in ethical reasoning using different ethical traditions or perspectives 

3. Global Engagement 

What challenges do we face as an increasingly diverse and interconnected world? How are our cultural values similar or different? Global Engagement courses help students develop the knowledge and skills they need to engage effectively with and adapt to a changing world. 

Students will demonstrate their ability to meet the following learning outcomes: 

  • articulate and contrast the values, beliefs, or practices of different cultures 
  • acquire skills (e.g. language, cultural humility) to effectively communicate and interact with other cultures and culturally diverse groups 

To fulfill the Global Engagement requirement, students must complete at least two courses totaling at least six credits with a Global Engagement designation. Semester- or year-long study abroad at a Juniata-approved site fulfills this requirement. Courses with a Global Engagement designation may be in one of three categories: 

World Language Study. These courses focus on communication in a world language. 

Short-Term Study Abroad. These courses focus on a study abroad experience, a portion of which includes a pre-departure component and a portion of which must be completed after study abroad to promote reflection on the learning experience. The study abroad experience must be linked to a Juniata course that together with the travel portion totals at least three credits.

Human Cultures & Challenges. These courses focus on a people and culture outside of the U.S. or a global challenge. 

4. Local Engagement 

What challenges do we face in our local communities, the places where we live out most of our lives with people of diverse lived experiences and varieties of perspectives? How are our values similar or different from those of our local neighbors? What are our opportunities to be agents of ethical change in meeting the needs of the people we live within our local communities? Local Engagement experiences help students develop the knowledge and skills they need to engage effectively with the local communities they will inhabit throughout their lives. Local engagement options address specific learning outcomes designed to help students contribute their knowledge and skills to their local communities through meaningful engagement. 

Students will demonstrate their ability to meet the following learning outcomes: 

  • work collaboratively in local cultural settings 
  • engage in citizenship through respectful interactions 
  • articulate how local engagement fosters individual and collective wellbeing 

To fulfill the Local Engagement requirement, students must complete a Local Engagement course of at least one credit that includes at least 15 hours of approved community engagement. Students must include documentation of the community engagement activity and reflection on the experience in their Juniata Portfolio (Section 3.1.1.III). Because Local Engagement courses require some basic knowledge about community engagement and may require special knowledge or skills, additional prerequisites may be required at the instructor’s discretion. 

E. General Education for Transfer, Partner Degree, English for Academic Purposes, and Transition Students 

The general education graduation requirements and their corresponding portfolio contributions can be waived or adapted by the General Education Committee for transfer students, partner degree students, English for Academic Purposes students, students studying abroad, and those students enrolled during the three-year transition to the new general education curriculum starting in August 2019. 

Program of Emphasis Requirement

All Juniata students will complete a POE, including a POE Capstone. The Program of Emphasis (POE) is Juniata's unique approach to focused education in an academic area of a student’s choosing. The POE is an opportunity for students to explore in depth a particular discipline (through a designated POE) or to craft an individualized plan to study an area (through an individualized POE). 

A. Types of Programs of Emphasis

1. Designated

Designated POEs are designed by departments or programs and approved by the Department and Program Committee. 

2. Individualized

Every student entering Juniata College has the opportunity to design their program of study. Students will be assisted in this effort by their advisors. 

B. Program of Emphasis Requirements

1. Requirements for All Programs of Emphasis

  1. All POEs must contain at least 36 credit hours and no more than 63 credit hours, except as otherwise authorized by the Faculty Handbook or as authorized by the Department and Program Committee for POEs that require external accreditation. 
  2. With advisors’ help, students draft a POE goal statement and identify the appropriate classes. 
  3. All POEs must contain at least 18 credits at the 300- or 400-level. 
  4. No more than two courses in the POE can be research or independent study courses. 
  5. All courses which are required, including prerequisites, must be in the POE. 
  6. All POEs must include depth of knowledge in an academic field. 
  7. All POEs must include analytical and creative thinking, critical questioning, and examination of evidence. 
  8. All POEs must include oral and written communication. 
  9. All POEs must include critical reflection on ethics as appropriate to the discipline. 
  10. All POEs must include information and technological literacy as applied to the discipline. 
  11. All POEs will have a capstone suitable to their academic fields. The POE Capstone is further described below. 

2. POE Capstone Requirement for All Programs of Emphasis

a. Description of the POE Capstone 

Each POE must require a capstone experience to be completed as part of a student’s final 30 credits. The Capstone must be at least one credit and is considered both part of the POE and part of the student’s general education. 

The POE capstone represents the summation of a student’s Juniata experience as well as a bridge to their future goals. The capstone experience is an expression of the totality of a student’s growth, development, and learning as an undergraduate. Capstones include connections from the POE to general education and support some of the Institutional Learning Outcomes. Research projects, internships, creative works, independent learning, community-engaged learning, and other disciplinary and interdisciplinary experiences are suitable capstones. POEs may offer different capstone experiences for different students. 

b. Capstone Portfolio Requirements 

All capstone courses require two contributions to the student’s Juniata portfolio. One contribution will demonstrate the student’s analytic and/or creative thinking and depth of knowledge in an academic field. The second will demonstrate reflection on the totality of their Juniata experience. 

c. Capstone Learning Outcomes 

Students will demonstrate their ability to meet the following learning outcomes: 

  • think analytically and/or creatively 
  • express depth of knowledge in an academic field 
  • substantively reflect on how their Juniata experience has shaped their own values and future goals 
  • describe how a holistic and intentional approach to life fosters personal wellbeing 

3. Additional Requirements for Designated Programs of Emphasis

A student may follow an already designed program of study selected from a list of approved POEs. Depending on the area of study, some of the programs are made up of fully prescribed courses while others contain a variety of options and electives. No student rationale is required. 

These designated POEs will be designed by departments or groups of departments and presented to the Department and Program Committee with supporting rationale. The Department and Program Committee will be responsible for authorization of POEs which become part of the official list kept in the Registrar's Office. The Department and Program Committee will use the following criteria to determine acceptance or rejection of proposed designated POEs: 

a. Coherence of the program 

b. Evidence of study in-depth 

c. If interdisciplinary, relationship of the courses to a specific objective 

Within the POE, a minimum of ten courses will be prescribed, either by a department or a group of departments according to one of three rules: 

d. The prescribed courses are specifically named.

e. The prescribed courses are made up of some which are specifically named and some which are taken from a list. 

f. All prescribed courses are chosen from a list. 

4. Additional Requirements for Individualized Programs of Emphasis

Students who do not adopt a Designated Program of Emphasis may design an Individualized Program of Emphasis of their own. This option is for students with particular interests not addressed in designated POEs to make appropriate combinations of courses to precisely address those interests. 

Students wishing to pursue this option must: 

a. Select an advisor in each department named in the title of the POE. In the unlikely event that an Individualized POE title named three academic departments, three advisors would be required. 

b. Create, in consultation with the advisor, a collection of courses to constitute the POE. If a course listed in the POE has prerequisites, these prerequisites must also be included in the POE. 

c. Create, in consultation with the advisors, a goal statement and a rationale, which explains how the courses included in the POE enable the student to fulfill the goals for the POE. Ultimately, the acceptance of an individualized POE will depend on the student's ability to justify that a particular combination of courses will allow them to reach the stated academic goals. Special attention should be devoted to the description of those goals and the rationale connecting them to the courses selected. 

d. Solicit from all of their advisors supporting comments attesting to the acceptability of the student's academic goals, the appropriateness of the course selections and rationale, and the overall coherence of the POE. Advisors' signatures without comments will not be sufficient. 

e. Submit the completed POE and the advisors' comments to the Registrar for approval. The Registrar, following policies established by the Department and Program Committee, will evaluate the appropriateness of the POE title, course selections, goal statement, and rationale. 

Any POE that does not satisfy the requirements of a Designated POE is by definition an Individualized POE and must therefore be accompanied by a goal statement and rationale. Advisors should pay particular attention to attempts which effectively weaken a Designated POE without contributing sufficient complementary breadth or depth.

All individualized Programs of Emphasis must be approved by the student’s faculty advisors and the chair(s) of the appropriate department(s). Approval requires students to write a rationale that describes how the courses they have listed help them reach the academic goals of the individualized POE. 

The POE Capstone for those with an individualized POE may be in a related designated POE or may be another appropriate experience in consultation with the student’s advisors. 

5. Exceptions to POE Credit Requirements

The following are exceptions to the requirement that POEs contain at least 36 credits and no more than 63 credits: 

a. Education POEs 

Designated POEs in Education may exceed the 63-credit-hour limit if doing so is necessary for Pennsylvania state certification to teach in the public schools; in such cases, Education designated POEs may have no more than the number of credit hours required for certification by the Pennsylvania Department of Education. 

b. Foreign Language POEs 

A designated or individualized Program of Emphasis in French, German, Russian, or Spanish and Hispanic Cultures may be approved with fewer than 36 credit hours provided that students have placed beyond the WL 110 level by completing the department’s designated placement exam. The POE must contain at least 33 credits in the target language beyond SP, GR, FR, or RU 210 and one credit hour of Language in Motion. 

c. External Certification 

Programs requiring more than 63 credits to obtain external certification as approved by the Department and Program Committee. 

C. Program of Emphasis Home Department

A home department or program is any recognized academic unit which sponsors designated and/or individualized POEs. In order to ensure quality and integrity of the POE, the responsibility of the home department is to review the sophomore and final POE submissions. In consultation with advisors, all students must choose a home department or program at the time of the submission of the sophomore POE. The home department is especially important for students with Individualized POEs. It allows these students the flexibility and creativity of self-design while ensuring that they are housed within an academic unit that can provide accountability and support. 

D. Program of Emphasis Dates

Sophomores must choose a designated POE or design an individualized POE and submit an appropriate POE statement to the Registrar by the second semester of the sophomore year. 

Seniors must submit a faculty approved, final version of the POE to the Registrar on or prior to the preregistration period for the spring semester. No POE changes, other than those caused by scheduling conflicts, will be permitted after this period. 

 

Undergraduate Programs of Study

Programs of Emphasis (Majors)

 

Academic Honors

Dean’s List

At the end of each Fall and Spring Semester, the Provost's Office announces the Dean’s List. Matriculated undergraduate students are named to the Dean’s List when they meet all of the following criteria:

  1. They have taken at least 12 graded credits during the term. Courses graded as Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory or Pass/No Pass are not considered graded credits.
  2. They achieve a term grade point average (GPA) of 3.60 or better.
  3. They have no unsatisfactory grades during that term. Grades that are defined as unsatisfactory are F (failing), U (unsatisfactory), I (incomplete), and NP (no pass).

A notation of Dean’s List achievement appears on the student's transcript.

Juniata students studying abroad will not be eligible for the Dean’s List. Students who are partner degree visiting students and visiting non degree students are also not eligible for this notation.

Graduation Honors

Latin Honors are conferred at commencement ceremonies according to the following grade point average scale:

Level Cumulative Grade Point Average
Summa cum laude 3.90-4.00
Magna cum laude 3.75-3.89
Cum laude 3.60-3.74

Students who are partner degree visiting students are not eligible for graduation honors.

Honor Societies

The Juniata College Honor Society is a group of junior and senior students elected on the basis of outstanding academic achievement and leadership ability. Other honor and honorary societies on campus also recognize students for their accomplishments: Alpha Phi Sigma (criminal justice), Beta Beta Beta (biology), Lambda Pi Eta (speech communication), The Masque (theatre), Omicron Delta Kappa (leadership), Phi Alpha (social work), Phi Alpha Theta (history), Pi Lambda Theta (education), Pi Sigma Alpha (politics), Psi Chi (psychology), Rho Epsilon Chapter of Gamma Sigma Epsilon (chemistry), Sigma Gamma Epsilon (geology), Sigma Iota Rho (international studies), Sigma Pi Sigma (physics), Sigma Tau Delta (English) and Tau Pi Phi (accounting, business and economics).

Distinction in the POE

To achieve distinction in the POE, a student must fulfill all graduation requirements and complete a senior experience that integrates several areas of their POE. This requirement can be fulfilled in many ways. Some possibilities might include: an original independent creative project that involves significant academic work, such as laboratory research resulting in a significant report; a major paper on a well-defined project; a body of artistic work equivalent to a major exhibition or performance; or field experience (e.g., student teaching or certain internships) culminating in a significant report. The project must be evaluated and judged worthy of distinction in the POE by two faculty members, at least one of whom must be from the home department. The project must also be presented in a forum open to all interested parties, either at Juniata or to an outside audience such as the National Conference on Undergraduate Research (NCUR).

Departments and programs will be free to establish further requirements for receiving distinction in the POE, including higher GPA requirements.

Departments shall forward the names and forms of successful candidates for distinction to the Registrar’s Office.

Special Juniata Programs

Cooperative Programs

Health Professions Affiliations

A distinctive feature of the Juniata College Health Professions Program is a broad array of formal affiliation agreements. These agreements enable qualified students to gain early acceptance or accelerated admission into professional school programs.

Several types of programs are included, designated below by the number of years a student spends at Juniata College, followed by the number of years spent at the affiliated institution. The 3 + _ programs allow students who matriculate at Juniata for three years and complete all the Juniata College general degree requirements, to earn degrees from both Juniata College and the corresponding professional institution.

The “_” designation indicates a variable number of years at the professional school, depending on the specialty chosen.

See the specific career track on the Health Professions website for details.

https://www.juniata.edu/academics/departments/healthprofessions/

Biotechnology

3 + 1 B.S. program with Jefferson School of Health Professions

3 + 2 B.S./M.S. entry-level master’s program with Jefferson School of Health Professions

Chiropractic

3 + 3 B.S./D.C. program with the New York Chiropractic College

Cytotechnology

3 + 1 B.S. program with Jefferson School of Health Professions

3 + 2 B.S./M.S. Entry-level Master’s Program with Jefferson School of Health Professions

Dentistry

3 + 4 B.S./D.M.D. program with Temple University School of Dentistry

4 + 4 B.S./D.M.D. Early Acceptance Program with the LECOM School of Dental Medicine

Medical Technology

3 + 1 program with Jefferson School of Health Professions

3+2 B.S./M.S. Entry-level Master’s program with Jefferson School of Health Professions

Medicine

4 + 4 B.S./D.O. Early Assurance Program with Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine

4 + 4 B.S./M.D. Early Assurance Program with Temple University School of Medicine and Geisinger Health System

Nursing

3 + __ B.S./M.N./M.S.N./D.N.P. (Doctor of Nursing Practice) OR D.N.P/Ph.D. programs with the Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing at Case Western Reserve University

Occupational Therapy

3 + 2 B.S./M.S.O.T. program with Jefferson School of Health Professions

Optometry

3 + 4 B.S./O.D. program with the Pennsylvania College of Optometry at Salus University

Pharmacy

3 + 3 and 3 + 4 Accelerated OR 4 + 3 and 4 + 4 Early Acceptance B.S./Pharm.D. programs with Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine School of Pharmacy

Physical Therapy

4 + 3 B.S./D.P.T. Early Acceptance program with Drexel University

3 + 3 B.S./D.P.T. program with Jefferson School of Health Professions

4 + 3 B.S./D.P.T. Early Acceptance program with Widener University

Podiatric Medicine

4 + 4 B.S./D.P.M. Early Assurance program with Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine

Radiologic Sciences

4 +1 B.S. and M.S. options in a variety of specialties with Jefferson School of Health Professions

Engineering: 3+2 Programs

Advisor: Professor White

Juniata participates with Columbia University, The Pennsylvania State University, and Washington University in St. Louis,  in cooperative programs for training in engineering. The purpose of such arrangements is to produce engineers who are educated in the fullest sense, as well as competent specialists in a particular field.

The student takes three years of undergraduate work at Juniata. Upon recommendations of the adviser and fulfillment of the transfer requirements, including the required GPA, he or she then transfers to the engineering institution for two additional years of engineering study. Upon successful completion of the five years, the student receives two degrees; a bachelor’s of science degree from Juniata and an engineering degree from Columbia University, The Pennsylvania State University, or Washington University in St Louis.

Law: 3+3 Program

Advisor: Professor Barlow

The pre-legal student should seek a broad undergraduate experience in the liberal arts. Students interested in law should have a thorough command of English, an extensive background in research methods, skill and experience in developing logical arguments, and a critical understanding of the human institutions and values with which the law deals. They are strongly encouraged to develop proficiency in another language and to study abroad. Juniata also offers courses in conflict resolution, a growing field in the legal profession. Although students may develop any Program of Emphasis which suits their particular talents and interests, the experience of others indicates that English, history, politics, American studies, and economics are the most common programs of students entering law schools.

In addition to helping students through the process of applying to law school, the prelaw adviser assists with course selections that will fulfill their POE goals while providing them with appropriate skills for the study of law. In addition, he helps to provide students with resources to prepare for the LSAT and helps to arrange internships that allow students to explore the legal field while they are in college. Students should plan to take the LSAT in the fall of the senior year and apply to law school by mid-January.

A special arrangement with the Duquesne University School of Law allows students to apply for admission to the Law School after three years of undergraduate study, allowing them to complete their degrees in six rather than seven years. Students must have an LSAT score that puts them at or above the 75th percentile, and a GPA of 3.36 or better.

Degree Completion Programs

The Degree Completion programs are designed for Juniata College students who are not GPA deficient and wish to complete the requirements to earn a Juniata degree.

How you can reapply:

The readmission process requires the students contact the Dean of Students Office for readmission for degree seeking status. These students do not enter through Enrollment admissions as they are not first time degree seeking students. Once they have been cleared by the Dean of Students records for any behavioral sanctions, they are forwarded to the Registrar’s Office for re-admittance.

Walker Program:

Students who have not completed their Walker requirements and/or who are returning full-time to complete their degree:

  • Regular admissions will include a statement letter of intent sent to the Registrar’s Office who reviews with the Dean of Students to determine space accommodations for on campus living, and with the Provost and Academic Support office to review academic record for feasibility for completion and advisor assignment. A $300.00 administrative fee may be applied when accepted into the program.

Completion Program:

It is designed for those former students who need to earn 30 semester credits or less to meet their degree requirements.

  • Typically these students cannot return full-time on campus to finish requirements.
  • Students will register for a Degree Completion Planning Seminar to work out the details of their program. Following that, the program requires enrollment in at least one semester. The Fall or Spring enrollment need not be full-time or on campus.
  • The POE must be approved by the Department Chair.
  • Upon readmission, students are assigned a POE advisor to assist them in developing a program of emphasis which meets the degree requirements. The remaining credits needed to graduate may be earned through:
  • regular courses offered at the College;
  • through independent studies with the College faculty (including emeritus faculty) or with practitioners or scholars recognized as qualified by the Provost;
  • or through courses taken at other accredited institutions.

Students may transfer in credits if the student has not exhausted the current transfer credit policy. A $300.00 administrative fee is applied when accepted into the program.

Deadlines to apply for readmission to Juniata in the Degree Completion program:

  • July 1 for Fall semester
  • November 1 for Spring semester

Academic Amnesty Program

Broad Guidelines:

  • The Academic Amnesty Program applies only to students that have been away from the college for at least 5 years and wish to complete their degrees.
  • Under the Academic Amnesty policy, a maximum of 15 credits (with grades) may be forgiven from the student’s GPA calculation when he or she re-enters the college. Alternatively a student’s GPA may be reset if the student has over 55 credits remaining to graduate.
  • No grades will be removed from a student’s permanent record
  • Academic Amnesty can be offered only once per student
  • Final transcript will show GPA before and after Amnesty administered, and the new or adjusted GPA will be marked, “Academic Amnesty”
  • Students under this program will not qualify for academic honors, and their class rank will not be calculated
  • All requests for implementation of degree completion programs, including academic Amnesty, will be heard by SAD
  • Recognizing that certain areas of study may have changed dramatically over the course of decades, a student’s POE must be approved by the relevant department chair as a condition of re-entry.
  • Curriculum committee will address concerns over outdated distribution requirements.
  • Students who graduate in these programs may take part in the May commencement ceremony
  • A $300.00 administrative fee is applied when accepted into the program.

Certificate Requirements

Certificates are credit-bearing programs that certify satisfactory completion of an organized program of study. New certificates programs must be approved by the Department and Program Committee. All new certificate program applications to the Department and Program Committee must be made after consultation with departments that house the certificate courses and the Provost.

All certificates will consist of a minimum of 18 credit hours. Certificates may be of different lengths, as defined by National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) standards:

Short-term Certificates

Less than 1 academic year or Less than 30 semester credit hours.

Moderate-term Certificates

At least 1 but less than 2 academic years or At least 30 but less than 60 semester credit hours.

Long-term Certificates

At least 2 but less than 4 academic years or 60 or more semester credit hours.

All pre-requisite courses must be part of the credit count for the certificate.

The certificate degree will have a separate status, separate paperwork, and will be recorded separately on the student’s transcript.

Sub-baccalaureate Certificate Degree Requirements

Students wishing to earn a certificate must have a 2.0 grade average or above in their certificate courses.

When students seeking a B.A. or B.S. degree at Juniata are also enrolled in a certificate program, the policies and procedures regarding matriculation requirements, course registration policies, and graduation application guidelines remain the same. Students seeking a certificate must submit a faculty-approved, final version of the certificate form to the Office of the Registrar. Certificates may overlap with POE coursework.

However, if a student wishes to get a certificate and a secondary emphasis, there must be a minimum of 15 credits in the certificate that do not overlap with the secondary emphasis.

For students who enroll in certificate programs as a standalone degree, policies and procedures will be determined administratively with the on-going consultation of the Executive Committee.

Accelerated Dual Degrees

Purdue for Masters in Chemistry

http://www.juniata.edu/departments/chemistry/outcomes.html

To qualify for automatic acceptance the student must have a 3.3 GPA and has a letter of recommendation from the chair of the chemistry department. Purdue has a graduate program in chemistry and analytical chemistry.

 

Graduate Degrees and Certificates

Graduate Programs of Study

 

Courses of Instruction

Undergraduate

Accounting, Business, and Economics

EB-100   Introduction to Management (Variable; All Years; 3.00 Credits; S) This course develops an understanding of management principles in the areas of planning, organizing, staffing and control, including but not limited to the aspects of strategy, legal environment, operation/supply chain management.

EB-105   International Economic Issues (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; S,I) Understanding international economics is increasingly important for private and public decision-makers. In a world of growing economic interdependence, the ability of policy makers to provide a stable environment for business is a key issue. Accordingly, this course develops the principle topics of international economics, including trade theory, the balance of payments, the cause and consequences of exchange rate movements, the flow of capital, currency crises and regional trade issues. The applied topics emphasized will be based on the most pressing current issues.

EB-106   Foundations of Entrepreneurship (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) Students will be provided with the tools necessary to ignite their entrepreneurial mindset using tested principles to enable success in the start-up world. In doing so, students will understand how to develop an innovator's mindset so that they will have a practical understanding of the creative process and practice in applying it.

EB-120   Executive Leadership (Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; S) Students will study leadership styles and effective leadership practices in various settings, including entrepreneurship, private business, corporations, not-for-profit organizations and social movements.

EB-131   Financial Accounting (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) Introduces fundamental principles and assumptions of accounting as they relate to transaction analysis and basic financial statements.

EB-140   Investing: Your Future (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; S) Saving too little can cost you a secure future. In this course you will learn to make informed judgments about how to save, how much to save, how to invest, what to believe, who to ask for advice, and how to choose among investments. Students with no investing knowledge but who are interested are especially encouraged to take this course.

EB-199   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by title.

EB-202   Behavioral Analysis of Organizations (Either Semester; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; CW,S,WK-SI) The broad focus of the course is to examine how individuals come together to form a successful organization. The course is broken into three major sections: people, organizations, and leadership. The course emphasizes student involvement and engages students in a variety of in-class exercises, case analysis role-playing exercises, small group exercises, and an off-campus class experience or two. One or more off-campus experiences are required for the course. Must be at sophomore standing or above. Pre- or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

EB-203   Introduction to Business Law (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; S) An introduction to the American legal system as it applies to the business community. Emphasis is on basic legal concepts in contracts, real and personal property, agency and employment, and transaction of business through partnerships and corporations.

EB-204   Legal Regulation of Business (Spring; Variable; 3.00 Credits; S) Examines the areas in which by statute the legislative branch of government regulates business. Topics include anti-trust law, bankruptcy, consumer protection, securities laws and the uniform commercial code.

EB-206A   Fashion Marketing, Part 1 (Variable; Variable; 2.00 Credits; SW-GE) This Global Engagement course sequence (2-credit predeparture course in fall or spring semester plus a 2-credit short-term study abroad course in winter or summer term) is designed to provide students with a multidisciplinary exploration of fashion production and marketing in France and Morocco. This course provides classroom instruction along with practical experiences in France and Morocco to explore the cultural and economic impact of the fashion industry. Pre- or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109. Total fees for the experience are split between the two courses, EB-206A and EB-206B.

EB-206B   Fashion Marketing, Part 2 (Variable; Variable; 2.00 Credits; SW-GE) This Global Engagement course sequence (2-credit predeparture course in fall or spring semester plus a 2-credit short-term study abroad course in winter or summer term) is designed to provide students with a multidisciplinary exploration of fashion production and marketing in France and Morocco. This course provides classroom instruction along with practical experiences in France and Morocco to explore the cultural and economic impact of the fashion industry. Pre-Req: EB-206A. Total fee for the experience are split between the two courses, EB-206A and EB-206B.

EB-207   New Venture Creation (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) Students will analyze business start-up successes and failures, develop their own new ideas for new ventures and learn how to determine when an idea represents a viable business opportunity. Students will pursue those opportunities as far as possible toward actual startup of the venture.

EB-210   Quantitative Business Analysis (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; QM,S) This course introduces quantitative techniques for solving business problems and works to establish a link between data analysis and business decision- making. The course presents algebra, graphical methods, applied calculus, and descriptive statistics as tools to aid business decision makers. Prerequisites: High school algebra or pre-calculus.

EB-211   Business Statistics (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; QS,S) This course covers basic descriptive and inferential statistics, normal curve and z-score computations, and addresses hypothesis testing using Chi-Square, T-Test, ANOVA, and linear regression modelling.

EB-222   Principles of Macroeconomics (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) Macroeconomic conditions affect individuals and businesses in numerous ways: employment opportunities, the purchasing power of wages and salaries, the cost of borrowing money, sales, profits, and competitiveness against foreign businesses. This course develops the theories relevant to understanding the business cycle, inflation, unemployment, deflation, exchange rates and balance of payments problems. It also examines the options and tradeoffs governments face as they seek to provide a stable macroeconomic environment through monetary and fiscal policies. Case studies of the macroeconomic performance and policies of diverse countries provide a comparative orientation. Prerequisites: Sophomore, Junior, or Senior standing

EB-223   Principles of Microeconomics (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) The optimizing behavior of households and firms serves as the focal point in this study of market-based resource allocation. Supply and demand analysis, spending and saving decisions of households, production and employment decisions of firms, alternative market structures, and environmental economics are among the topics covered. Prerequisite: Sophomore, Junior, or Senior standing.

EB-232   Intermediate Accounting I (Fall; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; S) A comprehensive study and application of generally accepted accounting principles for asset valuation, income measurement, and financial statement presentation for business organizations. Prerequisites: EB131.

EB-233   Intermediate Accounting II (Spring; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; S) A continuation of the comprehensive study and application of generally accepted accounting principles for asset valuation, income measurement, and financial statement presentation for business organizations begun in Intermediate Accounting I. Prerequisite: EB232.

EB-236   Managerial Accounting (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; S,QM,CW) Emphasizes accounting concepts for the internal use of management in planning and control. Course focuses on spreadsheet applications to analyze management policies. Prerequisite: EB131.

EB-299   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by title.

EB-307   New Venture Start-Ups (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) Students will develop their new ventures beyond the conceptual and planning stages by establishing actual operations-purchasing, manufacturing, marketing, etc. to generate revenue. They will implement whatever support systems (accounting, human resources, inventory management, etc.) are needed. Prerequisite: EB-207.

EB-308   Business Studies Abroad I (Variable; Variable; 1.00 Credit; SW-GE) Business Studies Abroad is a two-course short-term study abroad program that will provide students with an introduction to how business is conducted in another country, coupled with an in-depth examination of life in that country. This Global Engagement course sequence includes a 1-credit predeparture course in fall or spring semester plus a 2-credit short-term study abroad course in winter or summer term during which we will travel to the country being studied in that particular experience. The total fee for the program is split between the two courses. Pre- or corequisite: FYC-101. Note: Students must complete both courses in the series to fulfill one of the Self & The World-Global Engagement requirements.

EB-309   Business Studies Abroad II (Variable; Variable; 2.00 Credits; SW-GE) Business Studies Abroad is a two-course short-term study abroad program that will provide students with an introduction to how business is conducted in another country, coupled with an in-depth examination of life in that country. This Global Engagement course sequence includes a 1-credit predeparture course in fall or spring semester plus a 2-credit short-term study abroad course in winter or summer term during which we will travel to the country being studied in that particular experience. The total fee for the program is split between the two courses. Pre- or corequisite: EB-308. Note: Students must complete both courses in the series to fulfill one of the Self & The World-Global Engagement requirements.

EB-320   Intermediate Microeconomics (Fall; Variable; 3.00 Credits; S) Microeconomics analyzes the behavior of individual economic units such as consumers and firms. Intermediate microeconomics builds on the topics covered in principles of microeconomics and principles of macroeconomics. While those courses were more intuitive, this course explores microeconomics with a deeper degree of rigor using mathematical models to predict economic behavior. Prerequisites include EB223 and EB222.

EB-321   Intermediate Macroeconomics (Either Semester; Odd Years; 3.00 Credits; S) Intermediate Macroeconomics builds upon the concepts developed in principles of microeconomics and principles of macroeconomics. Macroeconomics in general tries to understand the aggregate behavior of economies rather than that of individual economic actors, and in this course we will study and use models that help explain what has happened in the past and predict what will occur. Prerequisites: EB222 and EB223.

EB-325   Health Economics (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) Health Economics applies economic analysis to better understand the functioning of the healthcare industry. Topics will include demand for healthcare and health insurance, information problems, healthcare costs, comparative healthcare systems and healthcare policy. Prerequisite: EB223 Principles of Microeconomics

EB-332   Corporate Taxation (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; S) This course is intended for undergraduates who desire to learn how the IRS code applies to corporations. Prerequisites: Junior or Senior standing.

EB-333   Governmental and Nonprofit Accounting (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) Governmental and Nonprofit Accounting is designed to provide an overview of fundamental concepts and practices used in accounting for activities of governmental and non-business organizations. After successfully completing the course, students will be familiar with recording financial transactions, preparing financial reports, budgeting, auditing, and analyzing the results for federal, state and local governments, colleges and universities, healthcare organizations and other nonprofits. Prerequisite: EB 233 Intermediate Accounting II.

EB-335   Auditing (Fall; Variable; 3.00 Credits; S) Emphasizes current auditing principles and the objectives of independent accounting firms. Particular attention is placed on auditing procedures and the ethical and legal responsibilities of the auditor. Prerequisite: EB233.

EB-337   Cost Accounting (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) An analysis of the use of cost accounting systems to accumulate and allocate manufacturing costs. In order to support inventory valuation and emphasis is on solving real business problems. Prerequisite: EB236 and Junior or Senior standing.

EB-340   Investing Analysis (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; S) The course is meant to train portfolio managers. Students will maintain an online trading account and learn about fiduciary responsibility. They will assist portfolio managers by analyzing investments and with other tasks. This course prepares students to become portfolio managers. Prerequisites: EB140

EB-341   Production and Operations Management (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) Examines the necessary things business firms must do to efficiently convert inputs to outputs. The course is about equally divided between qualitative operations management theory and quantitative tools that have been developed to solve typically occurring problems in production/ operations. Prerequisite: EB-100.

EB-342   Management Information Systems (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) The study of how computer technology is used to gather, store, organize, retrieve, and transmit information within and between organizations. Topics include the organizational and technical foundations of information systems, the contemporary tools and techniques for building systems, and the management of information system resources. Emphasizes current computer platform applications and techniques used in business. Prerequisites: EB201 (EB201 can be taken concurrently) and Junior or Senior standing.

EB-351   Marketing Management (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) Analyzes consumer behavior leading to the selection of products as well as pricing, promotion, and distribution strategies. Research projects help students apply concepts to the complexities of decision-making in marketing. Prerequisite: EB-100 or EB-101.

EB-355   Marketing Strategies (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) Examines in depth the development and implementation of marketing strategies, for businesses and not-for-profits, for domestic and international businesses. Prerequisite: EB351.

EB-356   Fashion Marketing Management (Yearly; 4.00 Credits) This course covers entry-level fashion design and marketing concepts and hands-on managerial skills in the fashion industry. Students will explore the marketing practices of fashion brands at the local, national and global level. Prerequisite: EB-100. Pre- or co-requisite: EB-351.

EB-358   Marketing Research and Analytics (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) This course covers the three core pillars of analytics: Descriptive Analytics, Predictive Analytics, and Prescriptive Analytics, which helps students understand, conduct, interpret and evaluate basic statistics that are widely used in marketing research and in the process being able to critique research reports. Students will be trained to utilize computer software in conducting statistical analyses. Prerequisite: EB-351

EB-359   Advertising & Promo Mgmt (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) This promotion management course is designed to give students an in-depth examination of integrated marketing communication and how it relates to handling promoting an organization, a campaign, a product and (or) service, or any other specific cause. The course will look at various promotional techniques such as public relations, various sources of advertising and marketing, and the utilization of direct sales approaches, with the focus on the marketing mix to the various aspects of communications that take place between the firm and its customers. At the same time, this course lends itself to studying both applied and theoretical issues to give students both a real-world view of advertising and promotions, as well as frameworks for understanding such real-world decisions. The course will offer an insight into strategies that can be developed and implemented to manage promotional activities. Pre-Req: EB-351

EB-361   Financial Management I (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) The management of business assets and liabilities and the concurrent creation of sources and the use of funds. Special attention is given to financial statement analysis and decisions involving working capital management. Prerequisite: EB131 and Junior or Senior standing.

EB-362   Financial Management II (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; QM,S) Special attention to long-term external sources of funds. Capital budgeting under uncertainty, security market processes, strategies for debt/ equity mix, and portfolio theory are covered. Prerequisite: Junior or Senior standing.

EB-363   Health Care Financial Management (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) Emphasizes health care decision making using financial information. The course focuses on unique financial characteristics in the health care industry, such as the mix of government and non-government providers and payers, complex payment systems, and the interactions between providers, insurance companies and consumers. Prerequisite: EB131.

EB-371   Human Resource Management (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) The early part of the course takes an in-depth look at the fundamental nature of the employer- employee relationship. The fundamental framework is then used to evaluate traditional aspects of Human Resource Management practice: Selection, training, recruitment, performance appraisals, and compensation. Class time involves some lecture, in-class exercises, guest speakers from industry, and case analyses. Prerequisites: EB202 or PACS202.

EB-375   21st Century Leadership (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S,CTGES) This course examines the challenges of providing leadership in the information age of global and cultural contexts. Leadership as manifested in today's workplace provides both opportunity and a great responsibility. The role and function of leaders look very different today than years ago. Change is the norm. Leaders must understand today's challenges and be able to function effectively given a borderless, multicultural, virtual, and diverse group of followers. No prerequisites.

EB-377   Sports Management (Spring; Variable; 3.00 Credits; S,CS) Sports Management will explore the many business and socio-cultural aspects of the business of sports. Sport plays an increasingly significant role in our world as professional and collegiate sports attract more and more of our entertainment spending and sports personalities become more central and idolized in society. This exploration of the sports industry will connect well with other areas of business study: organizational behavior, strategy, human resource management, and marketing. Prerequisite: Junior standing.

EB-379   Bargaining and Conflict Management (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S,CS) Bargaining and Conflict Management provides students with an opportunity to learn about bargaining and conflict-management theory. Students will have the opportunity to explore and apply this theory, and to examine aspects of bargaining style, in a variety of bargaining simulations. The course will also have an international component by utilizing international bargaining simulations as an instructional tool. Prerequisite: EB202 or PACS202.

EB-381   International Political Economy (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S,I) The pursuit of wealth and power, profit and privilege, corporate growth and national security occurs in a global context. This course examines the business agendas and political priorities that find expression in the policy agreements and institutional agreements of the contemporary global economy. The course is conducted as a seminar and requires a substantial research project. Prerequisite: EB105.

EB-399   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Offers special studies to meet the interest and demands of Students. Note: Students may take each ST: course for credit.

EB-407   Entrepreneurship (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) Examines the application of administrative and functional fields to small business situations. Special attention is given to the problems typical of the small business. Projects and local businesses may be used as cases. Prerequisite: EB-307.

EB-440   Portfolio Management I (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; S) Students manage the Juniata College student portfolio, making all investment decisions about policy, trading, and long term goals. They present a progress report to the public, benchmark and account for the investments, and defend their choices. Prerequisites: EB-340 or EB-362.

EB-441   Portfolio Management II (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; S) Students manage the Juniata College student portfolio, making all investment decisions about policy, trading, and long term goals. They present a progress report to the public, benchmark and account for the investments, and defend their choices. Prerequisite: EB-440.

EB-442   Portfolio Management III (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; S) Students manage the Juniata College student portfolio, making all investment decisions about policy, trading, and long term goals. They present a progress report to the public, benchmark and account for the investments, and defend their choices. Prerequisite: EB-441.

EB-443   Portfolio Management IV (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; S) Students manage the Juniata College student portfolio, making all investment decisions about policy, trading, and long term goals. They present a progress report to the public, benchmark and account for the investments, and defend their choices. Prerequisite: EB-442.

EB-463   Financial Markets & Institutions (Spring; Variable; 3.00 Credits; S,I) The role of credit and capital and the function of dollar and Euro bonds in today's internationalized financial markets are investigated empirically and assessed analytically in this course. Numerous economic theories relevant to understanding the behavior of various asset markets are developed, including portfolio and asset models of exchange rate determination and currency speculation. The costs and benefits of alternative government policies such as financial regulation and capital and foreign exchange controls are weighed. Prerequisite: EB222.

EB-465   Financial Theory and Analysis (Spring; Variable; 3.00 Credits; S) Financial Theory & Analysis will be a finance elective aimed at juniors and seniors. EB465's purpose is to develop an understanding of traditional modern portfolio theory, recent challenges to this orthodoxy, empirical knowledge of asset performance and how to apply this knowledge to specific contexts, i.e. creating an appropriate portfolio. Prerequisites: EB211 and EB362. MA220 may be used as a replacement for EB211 only.

EB-470   Distinction Seminar (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00-4.00 Credits; S)

EB-480   Senior Seminar (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) A capstone course for POE in Business. Through the use of readings, case studies and simulations, students in the course will formulate corporate strategy and implement it in a competitive environment. How firms may gain and sustain competitive advantage with the formulated strategy will be examined. In addition, students will also be trained to craft business reports on corporate strategies. The evaluation of performance will mainly depend on the content and the quality of the business reports.

EB-490   Business Internship (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 2.00-9.00 Credits; S) Develops students' skills, through practical experiences or field projects which require proposals for problem analysis and solution. The experiences and projects are provided by local businesses or other organizations and use technical and decision skills developed in students' areas of concentration. Note: Limited availability. May be repeated up to a total of 9 hours credit. Corequisite: EB495. Prerequisites: Permission and Jr. or Sr. standing.

EB-495   Business Internship Seminar (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 2.00-6.00 Credits; S) Requires students to reflect on the experience and/or pursue relevant research. Note: Limited availability. May be repeated up to a total of 6 hours credit. Corequisite: EB490. Prerequisites: Permission.

EB-499   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) This course allows departments to offer topics not normally taught to be offered. Prerequisites and title vary by section.

EB-TUT   Business Teaching Assistant (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 1.00-4.00 Credits; S)

Fine Arts

AR-103   Beginning Drawing (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; F,WK-CE) This course will explore the fundamental concerns as well as representational methods and concepts. Using line, shape, form, volumetexture, and the effective spatial organization of these elements, students will develop perceptual and technical skills to interpret form and space. Students will work with graphite and charcoal, pencil, ink, and other media. Pre-Req or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

AR-104   Design and Color (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; F,CTDH) The discipline of design is basic to all forms of visual art, including painting, drawing, photography, ceramics, and illustration. This course is designed to acquaint the student with the basic elements of picture structure: composition, line, shape, value, texture, color, scale, proportion, tension, and balance.

AR-117   Intro to Sculpture (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; F,WK-CE) This course is an introduction to the foundational concepts and creation of sculpture. We will explore various techniques related to wood working, metal working, fiber arts, and glass casting; along with aesthetic, historical, and cultural considerations associated with 3-dimensional art. Through this course, students will begin developing their artistic voice by experimenting with and apply these concerns in their work.

AR-125   Explorations in Clay (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; F,WK-CE) This course introduces students to the basic techniques of hand-built ceramics. The fabrication techniques of pinching, coiling, and slabbing are combined with conceptual concerns of creating art pottery. Throughout the course of the semester students will develop their skills and understanding of Art both as a maker and as an audience. Pre- or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

AR-175   Introduction to Nature Photography (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; F,WK-CE) This course is an introduction to nature photography. Students will learn to capture a balanced composition that represents elements of nature through digital photography. Pre- or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

AR-199   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) An introduction to one of the branches of art not currently included in the regular course offerings. Prerequisites will vary based on the course being offered. Special fees may apply.

AR-200   Beginning Painting (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; F,WK-CE) Introductory course which investigates perceptual and technical aspects of painting which build off of Drawing, 2D Design and Art History. Students work in oil paint, learn various support construction, mediums, traditional methods (including making and altering paint chemistry) and color theory. Demonstration, reading, lectures and slide presentations supplement studio sessions and outside projects. Materials are ordered for the student. Taking an introductory level drawing course prior to enrollment in Basic Painting is highly encouraged (but not mandatory). Note: Drawing courses from high school may provide adequate preparation. Please contact the course instructor for more information. Pre-Req or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109

AR-202   Water-Based Media Painting (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; F,WK-CE) An introductory course that investigates perceptual and technical aspects of painting which build off of drawing, 2D design, and art history. Students work in water-based paint, learn various support construction, mediums, traditional methods (including making and altering paint chemistry), and color theory. Demonstration, reading, lectures, and slide presentations supplement studio sessions and outside projects. Materials are ordered for the student. Taking an introductory level drawing course prior to enrollment in painting class is highly encouraged (but not mandatory). Note: Drawing courses from high school may provide adequate preparation. Please contact the course instructor for more information. Pre- or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

AR-203   Digital Photography I (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; F,WK-CE) This course focuses on photography and the creation of digital imagery. Students will learn to operate a DSLR camera and complete projects utilizing a variety of photographic techniques and genres. Students will learn to express visual concepts through photography while utilizing specific techniques unique to the creation of digital photographic artwork. Final works will be exhibited electronically and in print. Students will also look at the work of contemporary photographers and prepare a presentation on one photographer. The course utilizes primarily Adobe Photoshop on a Mac platform. Pre- or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

AR-204   Digital Art I (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; F,CTDH,WK-CE) This course focuses on the creation of art through electronic processes. Adobe Creative Cloud and other apps will be utilized along with scanners, cameras, and printers. Final works will be exhibited electronically and in print.

AR-208   Beginning Photography (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; F,WK-CE) This foundational photography course does not assume any prior knowledge of black and white materials or 35mm camera operation. It is designed to introduce students to basic principles of camera and darkroom equipment operation. Students will seek a fine balance between technical acquisition of the photographic skills (such as correct film exposure, film development, and paper processing) and the ability to implement them to communicate a personal vision. Emphasis will be placed on learning basic principles of photography and an ability to express this knowledge creatively through high quality black and white photographs. Students will be exposed to aspects of the history of photography and visual language in photography today. Pre-Req or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109

AR-211   The Art of Bookmaking (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; F,WK-CE) This course will introduce fiber to students at its most sophisticated and expressive, mode: Book Arts. Students will be taught basic book-making techniques as well as a brief history of visual communication (both functionally and aesthetically). Students will create projects that challenge traditional notions of the book within the visual arts. Students will participate in such activities as papermaking, sewing, stitching, and other techniques used to alter the idea of published material and written communication. Note: Additional lab fees apply. Pre-Req or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109

AR-215   Ceramic Sculpture (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; F,WK-CE) Ceramic Sculpture introduces students to the basic methods and techniques of creating three-dimensional objects in clay. Students will learn various hand-building techniques as well as the technical, historical, and cultural considerations associated with 3-dimensional art. Through this course, students will develop their own artistic voice by experimenting with and apply these concerns in their ceramic work. Pre-requisite or co-requisite: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109

AR-220   Formulating Beauty: Ceramic Chemistry (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; WK-SP) This course is an introduction to ceramic chemistry as related to the formulation of glaze for ceramic wares. Students will engage in experimentation with various materials to gain an understanding of how they contribute to and affect the fired glaze. Along with formulation, health hazards and food safety will be addressed and investigated throughout the course. Pre-requisite: FYC-101

AR-225   Wheel Throwing (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; F,WK-CE) This course will introduce students to the techniques of the potter's wheel and expressive qualities of clay as an artistic medium as well as an essential commodity. Students will learn wheel-throwing techniques to incorporate form, function, and design with each project. Pre-Req or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109

AR-235   Empty Bowls Practicum (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; F,SW-LE) Students will learn to create functional bowls to be donated to the annual Empty Bowls fundraising event that supports Huntingdon County food banks. Additional and complementary topics will include philanthropy, altruism, and empathy-building activities. Students will develop the knowledge and skills needed to engage effectively with the local communities they will inhabit throughout their lives. Creative thought and discourse will occur throughout the semester.

AR-298   Mixed Media Animation (Either Semester; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; F) Introduces students to animation through stop motion techniques and 2D computer animation. An emphasis is placed on story-telling and examining the physics of movement. Adobe Creative Cloud apps will be used in addition to Dragon Frame and traditional stop motion techniques. Projects will start by exploring the history of animation techniques and principles and culminate in independent projects.

AR-299   Special Topic (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) An introduction to one of the branches of art not currently included in the regular course offerings. Prerequisites vary based on the course offering. Special fees may apply.

AR-300   Intermediate Painting (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; F) This course is designed for advanced students to broaden their understanding of painting, refine techniques, visualize sophistication of concepts, and begin building a personal portfolio that reveals an attempt at a search for meaning/content, personal style, and individual expression. Students will build upon foundational painting skills acquired in introductory level painting by exploring color and tonal relationship through a variety of applications and techniques of the oil media. Students will also investigate descriptive and expressive possibilities in painting introduced through technical and conceptual painting problems designed to develop observational and conceptual awareness. Prerequisite: AR-200.

AR-305   Intermediate Ceramics (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; F) This course will investigate advanced ceramic techniques and concepts to strengthen students' abilities to utilize clay as a creative medium. Sophisticated and expansive projects will merge personal investigation, aesthetic sensibilities, and technical skills as a means of expression. Students will participate in other areas of ceramics, such as loading and unloading kilns and making clay. Prerequisites - Take ONE of the following: AR-125, AR-215, AR-225, AR-235, or by permission.

AR-308   Intermediate Photography (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; F) Building upon the experiences of Basic Photography, this course will concentrate on black and white photography; however, students will be encouraged to go beyond the boundaries of a conventional black and white print by incorporating a range of techniques, paper sizes, and alternative processes. Students will be exposed to the work of early and contemporary photographers through thematically structured lectures based upon significant historical and contemporary themes, concepts, and ideas. Students will be expected to produce work with deeper content and individual expression. Prerequisite: AR208. Note: A special fee for art supplies is assessed.

AR-323   Wheel Throwing II (Either Semester; Variable; 3.00 Credits; F) This course is designed to investigate more complex theories and techniques of wheel-thrown ceramics. Sophisticated and expansive projects will fuse personal investigation, aesthetic sensibilities, and technical skills as a means of expression. Students are encouraged to challenge constraints of the material as well as their comfort level - it is only through the process of trying that one can never truly fail. Prerequisites: AR225. Note: A special supply fee is assessed on this course.

AR-335   Empty Bowls Practicum (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; F) Students enrolled in AR335 will create functional bowls to be donated to the annual Empty Bowls event in order to raise money for Huntingdon County food banks. Reflection on philanthropy and national hunger will be the secondary focus of the course. Prerequisite: AR225

AR-392   Museum Education (Fall; Variable; 3.00 Credits; F) This course will study the history, theory, and practice of museum education. The class combines lectures, round table discussions, and design strategies for successful museum education programs for a variety of audiences. Students implement their learned skills through a series of programs that they design and implement for pre-selected groups. Prerequisites: AR-110 or AR-130.

AR-395   Advanced Photography Topics (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; F) This course will expand upon students' understanding of photography and digital art. The class is structured around modules that dive into different genres, like documentary, still life, or fashion, and will end with an ambitious self-directed project. Advanced shooting, editing, and printing techniques will be covered. PRE-REQ (either/or): Digital Art (AR204), Digital Photo (AR203), BW Photo (AR208) Course Fee

AR-398   3D Computer Animation (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; F) Introduction to 3D animation using Autodesk Maya, though other programs will be used. Emphasis is placed on improving time-based design and story-telling by studies that explore movement, cinematography, editing, sound, and lighting. Prerequisite: AR-104 or AR-204 or IM-110 or AR-298.

AR-399   Special Topics in Art (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) An introduction to one of the branches of art not offered. Prerequisites vary based on the course offering. Special fees may apply.

AR-400   Advanced Painting (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; F) This course is designed for advanced students to broaden their understanding of painting, and their refine techniques. This course will help students build a personal portfolio that conveys a search for meaning/content, personal style, and individual expression. Students will build upon painting skills acquired in introductory and intermediate level painting courses by investigating descriptive and expressive possibilities in painting. Painting abilities and techniques should be refined this semester, as well as sophistication of concepts. An emphasis will be placed on solving conceptual problems in painting in a context relevant to contemporary art. Prerequisite: AR-300.

AR-405   Advanced Ceramics (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; F) Students will propose individually-designed, sophisticated and expansive projects that display dedication to a cumulative sense of aesthetic sensibilities, technique(s), visual vocabulary, and concept utilizing clay as the primary medium. Creative thought and discourse will occur throughout the semester. Prerequisite: AR-305.

AR-451   Capstone in 2D Studio Art I (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; F) This course provides students with the time, focus, and experience to develop an art portfolio in preparation for entrance to graduate art programs or a career in visual arts. Students must have twelve credits of advanced courses (300 and 400 level) in one or more of the following art disciplines: Drawing, Painting, Photography, Ceramics, Sculpture (3-D arts), and Art History.

AR-452   Capstone in 2D Studio Art II (Spring; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; F) This course provides students with the time, focus, and experience to develop an art portfolio in preparation for entrance to graduate art programs or a career in visual arts. Students must have twelve credits of advanced courses (300 and 400 level) in one or more of the following art disciplines: Drawing, Painting, Photography, Ceramics, Sculpture (3-D arts) and Art history.

AR-453   Capstone in 3D Studio Art I (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; F) This course provides students with the time, focus, and experience to develop an art portfolio in preparation for entrance to graduate art programs or a career in visual arts. Students must have twelve credits of advanced courses (300 and 400 level) in one or more of the following art disciplines: Drawing, Painting, Photography, Ceramics, Sculpture (3-D arts) and Art history.

AR-454   Capstone in 3D Studio Art II (Spring; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; F) Students will create a body of work to display in the spring Capstone exhibition. Independent investigations may vary in medium; capstones are offered to students who have displayed advanced talent and comprehension of material(s). Sophisticated and expansive projects will be individually designed by each student that displays dedication to a cumulative sense of aesthetic sensibilities, technique(s), visual vocabulary, and concept. Creative thought and discourse will occur throughout the semester. Interaction will be expected during open forum sessions of AR-454. Prerequisite: AR-405 or by permission. Additional lab fees apply.

AR-490   Art Internship (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 2.00-9.00 Credits; F) Students will work under the supervision and guidance of a faculty member or internship sponsor. Internships may be in the fields of the fine arts, art history, or museum studies. Students may work as fine arts apprentices, museum interns, curatorial assistants, etc. Note: May be repeated to a total of 9 credit hours. Prerequisites: Permission and Jr. or Sr. standing. Corequisites: AR495.

AR-495   Internship Seminar (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 2.00-6.00 Credits; F) Requires student to reflect on the internship experience and/or pursue relevant research. Corequisite: AR-490.

AR-498   Digital Photography II (Spring; Variable; 3.00 Credits; F) This course expands upon the skills learned in Art 203 or Art 208 and exposes students to more advanced skills in fine arts digital photography. Students will work on advanced projects, skills and the creation of a final portfolio. There will be a field trip. Note: a special fee for supplies, equipment and field trip will be applied. Prerequisites: Any ONE of the following courses: AR203 or AR208.

AR-499   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows departments to offer topics not normally offered. Prerequisites and fees vary by title.

AR-TUT   Art Teaching Assistant (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits)

Biology

BI-101   General Biology I (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits) General Biology I is the first course in the Biology POE core curriculum. This course will be structured around four primary case studies on the opioid crisis, climate change, environmental toxicology and the evolution of speed in animals. The cases will outline foundational concepts in molecular biology and evolution.

BI-102   General Biology II (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits) This class will emphasize student engagement in the research process along with basic research skills. Students will engage in research projects with their professors. The course will include hands-on laboratory technique development, experimental design, hypothesis testing, and scientific writing. Prerequisite: BI-101 or BI-105

BI-106   Functions of Cells and Organisms (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N,CTGES) The second course in the introductory biology series. This course is divided into two half semester modules: cell and molecular biology and the physiology and systems of plants and animals. Prerequisites: CH142.

BI-159   Natural History of Florida (Spring; Variable; 1.00 Credit) This course examines the diverse, unique ecosystems of Florida. A combination of lectures and discussions are supplemented by a week-long trip to Florida. We will explore Florida's ecosystems through first-hand experiences.

BI-190   Human Biology (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N,WK-SP,CTGES) Course is a non-majors approach to the basic chemistry and biology of the human body, as well as how humans fit into society and environment. Emphasis will be on applying scientific process to current health topics. Course required for the Social Work POE and included in the Genomics Certificate and Rural Poverty Studies secondary.

BI-199   BI Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows department to offer topics not normally taught. Prerequisites and Corequisites vary by title.

BI-209   Cell & Molecular Biology (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) We will undertake a comprehensive introduction to the fundamental concepts of cell and molecular biology. We will explore the structure and function of cells, the molecular mechanisms underlying cellular processes, and the interactions between cells in multicellular organisms through a combination of lectures, activities, and discussions. Prerequisites: BI-101 and BI-102.

BI-216   Remote Field Course I (Spring; Yearly; 2.00 Credits; SW-US) Join us in learning about the U.S. Southwest (New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, and Colorado) and plan on visiting the sites discussed in class and examining the impact on the indigenous people. The course uses an interdisciplinary approach. The RFC seminar course (BI-216) is scheduled during the spring semester and is paired with BI-217 during the summer term, during which students and instructors travel to the various locations studied during the seminar. Students must take both courses to fulfill the U.S. Experience general education requirement. The total fee for the experience is split between the two courses, with half on the spring semester billing and the other half on the summer term billing. Prerequisite or corequisite: FYC-101.

BI-217   Remote Field Course II (Summer; Yearly; 2.00 Credits; SW-US) Join us in learning about the U.S. Southwest (New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, and Colorado) and plan on visiting the sites discussed in class and examining the impact on the indigenous people. The course uses an interdisciplinary approach. The RFC seminar course (BI-216) is scheduled during the spring semester and is paired with BI-217 during the summer term, during which students and instructors travel to the various locations studied during the seminar. Students must take both courses to fulfill the U.S. Experience general education requirement. The total fee for the experience is split between the two courses, with half on the spring semester billing and the other half on the summer term billing. Prerequisite: BI-216.

BI-231   Microbiology I (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N) Focuses on the structure, function, growth, genetics and ecology of viral, bacterial, and fungal microorganisms. Basic concepts are emphasized and topics important to the quality of human life are examined. Corequisite: BI 232. Prerequisite: BI106 and CH144.

BI-232   Microbiology Laboratory I (Fall; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; N) Presents procedures and experiments which demonstrate basic micro-biological concepts and techniques. Illustrates and augments the content of the lecture. Note: A special fee is assessed. Corequisite: BI231.

BI-270   Infectious Disease & Society (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; CA,N,WK-SP,CTGES) This course focuses primarily on the impact of human infectious diseases that have changed the world. Each disease is analyzed from five distinct perspectives: Clinical, Historical, Economic, Artistic, and Public Health. We also discuss genomics aspects of the infective organisms and of their human hosts. Pre- or co-requisite: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109

BI-289   Frontiers of Biology (Fall; Yearly; 1.00 Credit) Seminar series, required in all Biology POE's in the Sophomore year, consisting of research seminars given by invited speakers and members of the department, both faculty and students. Descriptions of independent research, internship and study abroad opportunities as well as reports by students and faculty on experiences in these programs will be presented. .

BI-290   Nutrition (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N,WK-SP) This course covers basic principles and facts about nutrition, explores the role of nutrition in human health, and considers a range of societal and political issues surrounding food and nutrition in the U.S. and abroad. Prerequisite: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

BI-299   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the Biology department to offer topics not on the regular schedule. Prerequisites will vary based on topic.

BI-300   General Ecology (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N) Examines the interactions of living organisms with their physical, chemical, and biotic environments. Special attention is given to the environmental, biological, and historical factors affecting the distribution, abundance, adaptation, and diversity of species in natural communities. This course deals with " ecological principles " , and as such complements the Introduction to Environmental Science course, which deals with environmental issues. Prerequisite: BI-101 or BI-105. Corequisite: BI-301 or BI-301CW.

BI-301   General Ecology Lab (Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; N) Students work together as research teams to carry out original investigations on the ecology of local species and natural communities. Emphasis on ecological research design, data collection and analysis, and oral and written presentation of results. Field trips are included. Prerequisite: BI-101 or BI-105. Corequisite: BI-300.

BI-305   Biostatistics (Either Semester; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; N,QS,CTGES) This course deals centrally with quantitative and statistical methodology in the biological sciences. It includes experimental design and the conventions of generating, analyzing, interpreting and presenting biological data. Counts as a math course for graduate and professional school requirements. Prerequisites: BI-102 or BI-106 or ESS-100.

BI-310   Physiology (Fall; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; N) A combined laboratory and lecture course which examines the function of cells, tissues, organs, and systems. Physical, Mathematical, chemical, and anatomical concepts are integrated to gain a comprehensive appreciation of the dynamics of living organisms. Students are introduced to the use of physiological instrumentation, experimental design, collection and statistical analysis of data, and preparation of scientific manuscripts. Laboratory experiments amplify and complement the lectures. Pre-Reqs: BI-102 or BI-106; CH-232 or CH-242.

BI-312   Altered Ecosystems (Either Semester; Yearly; 4.00 Credits) This course explores the ecological implications of abrupt natural and anthropogenic changes to ecosystems. A major focus will be on how ecosystems respond to these changes over time. Topics covered in this course will include concepts in classical ecology, ecosystem ecology, as well as contemporary theories on restoration ecology. Focus on local altered ecosystem case studies will aid to reinforce principles of ecosystem ecology and field trips to local sites will be used for student projects.

BI-314   Talk Nerdy to Me (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits) Talk Nerdy To Me is a course designed for anyone interested in more effectively communicating scientific ideas to non-specialists. Students will write short popular science articles, illustrate comics, create video explanations, and refine oral presentation skills to present recent research advances or their own research data. All student output will be produced for public consumption and outreach online and in public formats. There will be a strong emphasis on peer evaluation and review.

BI-315   Grant Writing for STEM (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; WK-FR) This course is designed to introduce students to the principles and practices of effective grant writing. Through a blend of lectures, workshops, and peer-review sessions, students will learn how to develop compelling research proposals, effectively communicate their research ideas, and navigate the grant submission and review process. Pre- or Co-Requisite: FYC-101.

BI-316   Advanced Molecular and Cellular Biology (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N) A comprehensive approach to the study of cells, with emphasis on molecular techniques and understanding the primary literature. Analysis of the cell at the molecular level emphasizes a unity in the principles by which cells function. Prerequisite: CH-312 or CH-342.

BI-317   Principles of Genetics (Fall; Yearly; 4.00 Credits) This course offers a comprehensive introduction to the principles and mechanisms underlying heritability and genetic variation. Students will explore Mendelian genetics, DNA structure and replication, gene expression, and the role of genetics in evolution, medicine, and society. This will be done through a combination of lectures, discussion, and recitation. Prerequisites: BI-101 and BI-102.

BI-318   Developmental Biology (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N) This course offers comprehensive investigation of the concepts and mechanisms of development, including ganetogenesis, fertilization, pattern formation and organogenesis. The course examines classical and molecular approaches examining problems of development. Students are expected to present research from current literature in the field. Prerequisites: BI-106 or BI-102; CH-232 or CH-242.

BI-323   Mammalogy (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; N) Examines the comparative biology of living mammals, including taxonomy, evolution, biogeography, ecology, morphology, physiology and behavior. Special attention is given to conservation issues, the relevance of mammals in modern biological research, and field techniques for studying mammals. Prerequisites: BI105 or permission of the instructor.

BI-324   Ornithology (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N) This course provides a comprehensive survey of the comparative biology, ecology, and behavior of birds with a special focus on issues pertaining to conservation and management. Laboratory activities focus on field identification of birds and research and monitoring techniques. Several field trips are possible with one possible 3 day trip to Assatteague Island. Prerequisite: BI105.

BI-325   Plant Ecology (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N) Primarily an ecology course, but also included is a significant amount of plant identification and/classification and plant epochology. The ecology portion will cover the whole spectrum of this fast-growing field; from communities and ecosystems to theory and adaptation. Corequisite: BI-326. Prerequisites: BI-101 or BI-105 and Junior or Senior standing.

BI-326   Plant Ecology Lab (Variable; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; N) The first 10 weeks are devoted to laboratory work on the identification of the local entophyte flora. Students are required to make a personal collection representing a minimum of 8 families and are expected to become proficient in using a scientific manual. During the 5th and 6th week there is a mandatory all day field trip to collect forest data. An extensive paper on forest succession will be due by semester's end. Corequisite: BI-325. Prerequisite: BI-101 or BI-105.

BI-327   Botany (Spring; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; N) This course will provide an in-depth examination of the biology of plants. In lecture and lab we will examine plant reproduction and development, morphology and physiology, evolution and biodiversity, and ecology and conservation. Particular attention will be paid to the aspects of plant biology that are unique to this branch of life and/or are of critical importance to human or other biotic interactions (e.g. photosynthesis, pollination, agriculture, etc.). Prerequisites: BI105. Note: A special course fee is applied.

BI-331   Molecular Microbiology (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N,CTGES) Focuses on the structure, function, growth, genetics and ecology of viral, bacterial, and fungal microorganisms. Basic concepts are emphasized and topics important to the quality of human life are examined. Corequisite: BI332. Prerequisites: BI207 and Jr. or Sr. standing.

BI-332   Molecular Microbiology Lab (Fall; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; N) Presents procedures and experiments which demonstrate basic micro-biological concepts and techniques. Illustrates and augments the content of the lecture. Note: A special fee is assessed. Corequisite: BI331.

BI-333   Plant Diversity (Fall; Even Years; 4.00 Credits; N) This course explores the diversity of plants through the scientific field of plant systematics, and in particular, through the the practice of plant taxonomy: the description, identification, naming, and classification of plants. We will focus our attention on studying and identifying the regional flora as well as the major vascular plant families. This will be done through a combination of field and literature study. Pre-Req: BI-101 or BI-105.

BI-337   Comparative & Evolutionary Psych (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; CS,N,S) (see PY 337)

BI-339   Organic Evolution (Spring; Variable; 3.00 Credits; N) Presents the theory and facts of organic revolution through a review of modern and historical research on the subject. Major topics include population genetics, adaptations, evolutionary ecology, systematics, the fossil record, molecular evolution, ontogeny and phylogeny, macroevolution, co-evolution, human evolution, and sociobiology. Prerequisite: BI-101 or BI-105.

BI-340   Medical Microbiology (Fall; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; N) A lecture and lab course focusing on the biology of microorganisms and microbial interactions with humans. Foundational concepts of microbial cell structure, diversity, metabolism, genetics and impacts on humans are discussed along with medical, biotechnical, and environmental aspects of microbiology. Lab provides hands-on experiences with microbiological techniques and handling microorganisms safely and aseptically. Note: A special fee is assessed. Prerequisite: BI-102 or BI-106, and CH-144.

BI-344   Winter Dendrology (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits) We will explore the woody plants of Central Pennsylvania with an eye towards species identification and forest ecology. In addition to identification, will spend time trying to understand: morphological variation and its causes, the causes and consequences of species global and local distribution patterns, as well as species life-history traits and their roles in forest community ecology.

BI-350   Invertebrate Zoology (Fall; Odd Years; 3.00 Credits; N) Focuses on the organizational plan, behavioral and ecological adaptation, diversity and economic importance of representative members of the major invertebrate phyla. Corequisite: BI-351. Prerequisite: BI-101.

BI-351   Invertebrate Zoology Lab (Fall; Odd Years; 1.00 Credit; N) Illustrates and augments the content and concepts of the lecture through direct observation and/or dissection of selected representative organisms. Corequisite: BI350.

BI-360   Vertebrate Zoology (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N) Focuses on the vertebrate animals of the Eastern United States. Collection, taxonomic identification and natural history are emphasized. Prerequisite: BI-101 or BI-105.

BI-361   Vertebrate Zoology Lab (Fall; Yearly; 2.00 Credits; N) Frequent field trips, for observation and specimen collection are followed by exercises in identification, specimen preparation, and museum techniques to illustrate and augment the concepts and content of the lecture. Corequisite: BI-360.

BI-362   Animal Behavior (Fall; Variable; 4.00 Credits; N) Behavior is a result of the nervous system interacting with the environment. Animal Behavior will explore the proximate and ultimate causes of behavior. Special attention will be paid to the role and function of the nervous system in behavior as well as the interplay between genetics and the environment. The lab portion of the course is a co-requisite and will explore basic experimental design for studying animal behavior in the lab and in the field. Pre-Req: BI-101 or BI-105.

BI-367   Comparative Anatomy (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N) A study of the structural organization of the human body organized around the major body systems with an emphasis on structure function relationships. To gain deeper understanding of structure function relationships, we will study human anatomy in relation to our position within the vertebrate lineage, comparing human anatomical features with those of other vertebrates. Prerequisites: BI-101 or BI-105 and BI-102 or BI-106. Corequisite: BI-368.

BI-368   Comp Anatomy Laboratory (Fall; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; N) Provides additional content to support the lecture using human models, online resources and dissection of selected representative vertebrates with an emphasis on amniote, mammalian and human anatomy. Note: A special fee is assessed. Corequisite: BI367.

BI-370   Herpetology (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; N) This course presents the biology of amphibians and reptiles from an evolutionary, anatomical and ecological perspective. Phylogenetic diversity of modern taxa will be presented, focusing on North American groups. Instruction will be in the form of lectures, discussions, laboratory activities and field trips to observe local herpetological species. Prerequisite: BI-101 or BI-105.

BI-380   Biology Research Methods (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 2.00-4.00 Credits; N,CW,CTGES) Offered by faculty members in the Biology department for students interested in learning to conduct meaningful and responsible research. Students enroll in a section aligned with their research interest to generate novel data, while mastering the important components of research common to each of the diverse areas of Biology. Pre-Reqs: BI-101 or BI-105; sophomore, junior, or senior standing; instructor permission.

BI-384   Experiential Ecology (Yearly; 4.00 Credits; SW-LE) This course will gain students real-world hands-on experience in the ecological disciplines, while helping them make connections with both government, non-profit, and private organizations in the environmental field. This course will be comprised of lectures, reflective essays, exams, and field experiences that will include a community outreach project aimed to improve water quality in the Juniata River.

BI-389   Biology Research Seminar (Fall; Yearly; 1.00 Credit) Lectures, discussions and student exercises covering such topics as ethics in research, writing effective research proposals and the effective written and oral communication of research results. Professional research and educational societies, government and private funding of research in the United States and other countries and career opportunities will also be discussed. Prerequisites: BI289. Corequisites: BI489. Graded S (satisfactory) or U (unsatisfactory).

BI-399   Special Topics (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Offered at the discretion of the department to qualified students. Topic titles may vary from semester to semester and more than one may be offered per semester. Note: Students may take each ST: course for credit and a special fee is assessed. Prerequisite: permission of the instructor, or as indicated.

BI-400   Environmental Genomics (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; N) This course will utilize Microbial Community Analysis leveraging high-throughput sequencing technology to identify the microbes present in naturally occurring or human-made ecosystems. Students will learn both molecular and bioinformatics skill sets, as well as microbial ecology principles throughout this course. Pre-Reqs: BI-102 or BI-106, CH-144, CH-145.

BI-405   Bioinformatics Fundamentals (Variable; 4.00 Credits; N,CTGES) Bioinformatics is the science of collecting and analyzing complex biological data. It is an interdisciplinary field that develops and applies methods and software tools for understanding biological data. Prerequisites: BI-101 or BI-105, BI-102 or BI-121, CH-142, CH-143, CH-144, and CH-145.

BI-417   Reproductive Biology (Fall; Even Years; 3.00 Credits; N) This course examines reproductive biology by integrating aspects of development, anatomy, cell biology, and hormone physiology with the behavior and ecology of vertebrates. Pre-Req: BI-101 or BI-105.

BI-432   Environmental Toxicology (Spring; Even Years; 3.00 Credits; N) Broadly integrative in nature, this class compounds in environmental systems and focuses on the potential for deleterious consequences in wildlife species and humans. Examines aspects of chemistry, cell biology, and ecology in considering environmental contamination. Instruction includes lectures and student presentations/writing exercises. Prerequisites: Take 2 courses from BI-101 or BI-105 or CH-142 or ESS-100, or have permission from the instructor.

BI-437   Molecular Ecology (Spring; Odd Years; 3.00 Credits) Molecular ecology delves into the interface of molecular biology and ecology, focusing on the application of molecular techniques to address ecological questions. Students will explore the genetic processes that underlie ecological phenomena and will learn how molecular tools can inform our understanding of speciation, adaptation, behavior, and conservation. Prerequisite: BI-101.

BI-444   Immunology (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; N) Covers the properties of antigens, antibodies and complement, humoral and cell-mediated immunological systems, antigen-antibody interactions and hypersensitivity reactions. Pre-Req: BI-102 or BI-106; CH-312 or CH-342.

BI-450   Neurobiology (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N) Neurobiology is a lecture course that addresses concepts ranging from the molecular biology of ion channels to signal integration and behavior. This course is experimentally based and will focus on the biophysics, chemistry, and mechanisms of signal production and integration in the nervous system. Particular attention will be paid to sensory systems and memory consolidation. In addition to lecture exams, students will gain valuable experience in scientific writing through the preparation of a review paper on a neurobiological topic of their choosing. Pre-Req: Take one of the following courses: BI-101 or BI-105 or CH-142 or PY-101 or PC-200 or PC-202 or PC-204.

BI-461   The Art & Science of Brewing (Spring; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; N,WK-CE) This course examines all aspects of brewing, integrating science, technology, and history while considering all steps of the brewing process including, barley and malting, yeast biology, brewing herbs, mashing, fermentation, conditioning and beer styles. Additionally, students consider the creative artistry of brewing. NOTE: Students must be 21 years of age by the course start date. Pre- or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

BI-470   Practical Genomics (Fall; Odd Years; 4.00 Credits) Genomics is an exciting and ever advancing field. Through a mixture of traditional lectures and novel research-based laboratories students will learn about both the theoretical and practical applications of genomics within biology and across other scientific fields. Prerequisites: BI-101, BI-102, and BI-317.

BI-471   Applied Bioinformatics (Spring; Even Years; 3.00 Credits) This interactive course is tailored to provide students with the essential computational tools to analyze large biological datasets and extract meaningful results using a novel biological dataset. Students will also learn to write a scientific manuscript that will be prepared for publication by the end of the course. Prerequisites: BI-101, BI-102, and BI-470.

BI-472   Biotechnology (Summer; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) This course provides an in-depth exploration of the principles, techniques, and applications of biotechnology. Students will explore the fundamental concepts of molecular biology and the real-world impact and ethical considerations of biotechnology in various fields, including healthcare, agriculture, and the environment. Students will interface with professionals in the field and work toward professional development for the biotech industry.

BI-481   Medical Genomics Research Methods (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; N) This class will provide training in advanced statistical and/or informatics tools. Bioinformatics skills will be related to variant characterization and/or comparison of eukaryotic genomes and populations. The research project will involve working with scientist/MD Dr. Holmes Morton on medical research problems affecting marginalized Amish and Mennonite populations in Kish Valley. Pre-Req: BI-305 or BI-400 or BI-460 or permission of instructor.

BI-489   Biology Research (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00-6.00 Credits; N) Individual research projects directed by faculty members based on proposals submitted in BI 389, Biology Research Seminar. Attendance at a departmental journal club is expected. Presentation at a professional meeting is encouraged. May be repeated for up to 15 credits. Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.

BI-490   Biology Internship (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 2.00-9.00 Credits; N) Corequisite: BI-495. Prerequisite: permission and Jr. or Sr. standing.

BI-495   Internship Seminar (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 2.00-6.00 Credits; N) Requires students to reflect on the experience and/or pursue relevant research. Corequisite: BI 490. Prerequisite: Permission

BI-499   Senior Thesis (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N,CW) This course is the culmination of an individual research project initiated in BI 489. Students will complete their projects by writing a paper describing their research. These papers will be of significant length and contain full documentation of the student's original research. The thesis will be presented orally to faculty and students at the yearly campus wide Juniata Student Research Symposium. Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.

BI-TUT   Biology Teaching Assistant (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 1.00-4.00 Credits)

Chemistry

CH-142   Integrated Chemistry Principles I (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N) An introduction to the principles of chemistry, this course begins a two semester sequence that integrates information from all aspects of chemistry while focusing on the core principles of the relationships between energy, the structure of atoms and molecules, and atomic and molecular properties and reactivity. Topics include energy, reactions, atomic structure, elemental properties, bonding, and molecular properties. Corequisite CH143.

CH-143   Integrated Chem Principles I Lab (Either Semester; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; N,QS) This semester will focus on learning good laboratory practices, primarily through the quantitative analysis of compounds. The quantitative analysis of materials and an understanding of reproducibility and bias are relevant to many fields, including medical analysis or the analysis of contaminants in the environment. This course will also teach you how to keep an excellent laboratory notebook, identify safety hazards in the lab, and complete data analysis and graphing in Excel. All of these tools will serve you well in a variety of careers. CH142 is a corequisite of this course. A lab fee is associated with this course.

CH-144   Integrated Chemistry Principles II (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N) An introduction to the principles of chemistry, this course completes a two semester sequence that integrates information from all aspects of chemistry while focusing on the core principles of the relationships between energy, the structure of atoms and molecules, and atomic and molecular properties and reactivity. Topics include thermodynamics, equilibrium reactions, acid/base and redox reactions, kinetics and nuclear reactions. Prerequisite: CH-142.

CH-145   Integrated Chemistry Principles II Lab (Either Semester; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; N,QS) This semester will focus on learning good laboratory practices, primarily through the quantitative analysis of compounds. The quantitative analysis of materials and an understanding of reproducibility and bias are relevant to many fields, including medical analysis or the analysis of contaminants in the environment. This course will also teach you how to keep an excellent laboratory notebook, identify safety hazards in the lab, and complete data analysis and graphing in Excel. All of these tools will serve you well in a variety of careers. Prerequisite: CH-143.

CH-199   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary with topic.

CH-210   Chemistry and Biochemistry Seminar (Variable; Yearly; 1.00 Credit) This course is designed to begin the journey for from students of science to citizens of the scientific community. During the semester speakers will present topics which will help inform the students about the opportunities for research and collaboration. Additionally, an emphasis will be made on post-graduation career opportunities and planning. Must have at least sophomore standing and have a POE in Chemistry, Biochemistry or Chemistry Secondary Education.

CH-222   Inorganic Chemistry (Spring; All Years; 4.00 Credits; N) CH 222 is a one-semester course of Inorganic Chemistry that builds on chemistry knowledge acquired in CH-142 (Integrated Chemistry Principles I). The Inorganic Chemistry course is designed for all students having " chemistry " in their POE title but it will serve any student who wants to learn about " chemistry of elements " because it covers chemistry of all elements from the periodic table with exception of organic carbon chemistry. The class also introduces students to theoretical concepts such as molecular symmetry, molecular spectroscopy, and theory of complexes. Part of the class is a 4-hour laboratory session which introduces students into synthetic inorganic chemistry and characterization of inorganic compounds. Syntheses, reactivity, and characterization of main group element compounds and transition metals will be practiced. Pre-Req: CH-142 and CH-143. Pre-Req or Co-Req: CH-144 and CH-145. Must have Freshman, Sophomore, or Junior class standing or instructor permission.

CH-232   Organic Chemistry I (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N) Students enrolled in CH-242 will become familiar with the fundamental concepts and nomenclature needed to understand and communicate organic chemistry. The course is further designed to teach the structure-function relationships that exist across many classes of organic and bio-organic systems, and therefore provide a foundation for further study in chemistry, biochemistry, biology, and medicine. Prerequisite: CH-144; Corequisite: CH-233.

CH-233   Organic Chemistry I Lab (Variable; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; N) This course will utilize techniques learned in CH-145 and carry out experiments illustrative of concepts learned in CH-232. The course will focus on spectroscopy, organic laboratory techniques and reactions, and compound characterization. This course will also reinforce good record-keeping skills continue to stress safe lab practices. A lab fee is associated with this course. Pre-Req: CH-145. Pre- or Co-Req: CH-232.

CH-247   Bioanalytical Chemistry (Variable; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; N,QS) Exploration of experimental techniques and topics that are pertinent to the careful analytical evaluation of biologically relevant chemistry. Pre-Req: Junior or senior class standing.

CH-252   Analytical Chemistry (Spring; Odd Years; 4.00 Credits; N,QS) This course focuses on the methods that chemists use to identify and quantify compounds of interest and measure their physical properties. Classroom and laboratory time will be spent considering experimental design, measurement techniques, and validation of results in a variety of chemical contexts. Prerequisites: CH-144 and CH-145. Note: A special lab fee is assessed.

CH-299   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to teach special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary with topic.

CH-304   Pollutant Chemistry (Yearly; 3.00 Credits) To be able to predict the behavior of and remediate pollutants in the environment requires understanding the chemistry of both environmental systems and specific pollutants. In this course we'll apply core chemical principles to specific systems and pollutants, building the skills to help you understand and solve environmental challenges. Prerequisite: CH-252.

CH-312   Biochemistry (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N) The fourth semester of the introductory Chemistry series, this course pulls content from chemistry, biology, mathematics, and history to provide an integrated view of biochemistry. Topics include the use of thermodynamics, equilibrium, non-covalent interactions, kinetics, separations, biomolecular structure, and genetics to probe and explain biological phenomenon. Prerequisites: Take BI-102 or BI-106 (or have instructor's permission) and take CH-232 or CH-242.

CH-332   Organic Chemistry II (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; N) A continuation of the study of organic chemistry begun in CH-232 and CH-233. Special emphasis is placed on advanced aspects of structure and reactivity, with careful attention to the methodology and tools of synthesis. Topics include aromatic chemistry, enolate chemistry, pericyclic reactions, retrosynthetic analysis and various aspects of stereoselectivity. Prerequisites: Take CH-232/233 or CH-242/243.

CH-340   Wine Chemistry (Variable; Variable; 2.00 Credits; N) This is a 2-credit course dealing with the theoretical study (1 credit) of chemical processes that are involved in wine formation and that influence appearance, flavor, and aroma of different wines including such topics as barrel aging and corkage, wine and health, wine faults, and wine laboratory practices and procedures associated with vineyard to bottling lifecycle of wine. An intensive hands-on component (4 hours a week) enabling authentic experience of wine-grapes growing, wine making and wine tasting is part of the course (second credit). Prerequisites: 2 semesters of college Chemistry or permission of the instructor. Must be 21 years of age or older.

CH-352   Physical Chemistry I (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N) In this course students will investigate the physical characteristics and interactions of matter. Topics covered will include thermodynamics, kinetics, quantum mechanics, and molecular spectroscopy within the contexts of chemistry and biochemistry. In addition, molecular modeling techniques will be briefly introduced. Prerequisites: Take CH-144, MA-130, and either PC-200 or PC-202.

CH-353   Physical Chemistry Laboratory (Variable; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; N,Q,CW) In this course, students will gain hands-on practice at obtaining data pertinent to physical chemistry through laboratory experiments. Experiments will be performed that highlight material from Physical Chemistry I (CH-352). A significant component of each lab will involve molecular modeling. Co-requisite: CH-352.

CH-354   Physical Chemistry II (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N) In this course students will advance their understanding of physical chemistry concepts through primary literature sources and discussion. The course will focus on literature from the beginnings of thermodynamics and quantum mechanics as well as more modern research. Prerequisites: Take CH-352, MA-230, and either PC-201 or PC-203.

CH-362   Chemical Synthesis (Fall; Yearly; 2.00 Credits; N,CW) CH-362 is an advanced laboratory-based organic and organometallic synthesis class. Through the completion of two to three multi-component projects, students will gain a better understanding of the requirements of advanced laboratory research and will learn how to communicate as organic chemists. Overall, the course is designed to help students mature into skilled citizens of the scientific community. Prerequisite: CH-232.

CH-372   Instrumental Methods (Fall; Odd Years; 3.00 Credits; N) The primary tools that chemists use to characterize chemical species involve increasingly complex instrumentation. We will explore the principles and methodology of various types of instrumental methods and will analyze data resulting from these techniques. Prerequisite: CH-232 or CH-242.

CH-385   Advanced Chemistry Lab (Variable; Yearly; 2.00 Credits) This course is a culmination or capstone of your laboratory experiences. You will draw upon your knowledge and experience from previous classes to identify a chemistry related question, design experimental work, and report your findings. The focus of each semester will vary depending on the specific instructors. Prereqs: CH-222, CH-232, CH-252, CH-312, and CH-352, plus junior or senior standing.

CH-399   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Advanced specialized topics in chemistry and related areas. Topic titles may vary from semester to semester. Note: abbreviated ST: (title); students may take more than one " ST: " course for credit. Offered at the discretion of the department to qualified students.

CH-401   Advanced Organic Chemistry (Either Semester; Variable; 3.00 Credits; N) Discusses selected topics in organic chemistry with emphasis on general principles, including chemical bonding. Recent literature is used. Prerequisite: CH-332 or CH-262.

CH-406   Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (Either Semester; Variable; 3.00 Credits; N) Completes an introductory study of inorganic chemistry at an undergraduate level. Theoretical topics, like electronic structure (molecular orbital theory), molecular symmetry, theories about complexes, reaction mechanisms of complexes, catalysis, introduction to solid state chemistry, and a role of metals in life processes are covered. Students will become familiar with inorganic chemistry journals, SciFinder and the Cambridge Structural Database. Prerequisites: CH-222 and CH-352.

CH-418   Advanced Biochemistry (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N) Advanced Biochemistry is the third semester of the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BMB) curriculum for Biochemistry POEs, expanding the content of the previous two semesters. Stressing techniques and instrumentation, the course is comprised of student-led learning modules, which are created around the primary literature with the help of the instructor. Topics may include metabolism, systems biology, or genomics. Prerequisite: CH-312 or CH-342.

CH-488   Chemistry & Biochemistry Capstone I (Variable; Yearly; 0.00 Credits) This course is a non-credit-bearing course to mark the submission of Capstone Portfolio Contribution #1, which demonstrates a student's analytic and/or creative thinking and depth of knowledge in an academic field. Requires senior standing.

CH-489   Chemistry & Biochemistry Capstone II (Variable; Yearly; 1.00 Credit) In this course, students will reflect on the totality of their chemistry or biochemistry education and relate it to their broader Juniata education. Requires senior standing.

CH-490   Chemistry Internship (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 2.00-9.00 Credits; N) See the chapter, " Special Programs " under Internships in the catalog. Note: May be repeated up to a total of 9 hours of credit. Corequisite: CH495. Prerequisite: Permission and Jr. or Sr. standing.

CH-493   Senior Thesis (Spring; Yearly; 2.00 Credits; CW) Designed for students who are carrying out senior research; students will write a senior thesis describing their work, part of the requirements for graduating with a distinction in chemistry, and prepare an oral presentation of their work. Corequisite: CH-494

CH-494   Chemistry Research (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00-4.00 Credits; N) Individual research projects directed by faculty members. Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.

CH-495   Chemistry Internship Seminar (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 2.00-6.00 Credits; N) Requires students to reflect on the internship experience and /or pursue research related to the placement. Corequisite: CH 490. Prerequisite: permission.

CH-499   Chemistry Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits; N) Allows departments to offer topics not normally taught. Prerequisites and corequisites vary by title.

CH-TUT   Chemistry Teaching Assistant (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 1.00-4.00 Credits) See catalog.

Communication

CM-130   Introduction to Human Communication (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) Surveys the fundamental tenets of human communication through application. This course is concerned with how and why we speak, listen, respond, and strategize through the uses of verbal and nonverbal symbol systems.

CM-132   Message Analysis (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; H,CS,WK-HT) The study of rhetoric investigates the art of persuasion. The course introduces the basic rhetorical concepts and language we need to make sense of the sea of messages we swim in. The course aims to sharpen your ability to reason, reflect, send, perceive and discern messages in a variety of contexts. Upon completion of this course, students understand several humanistic perspectives toward communication and are able to apply the basic tools of rhetorical analysis. Students have an increased awareness of the ways in which our symbolic behaviors shape our social lives. Pre-Req or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

CM-133   Mass Media and Society (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H,CS,WK-HT) This course provides an orientation to media industries, the academic field of media research, and the influence of media on our politics, society, and everyday lives. Through a broad survey of media technology, theory, issues, and policy, it offers a media literacy framework for critically evaluating media use and content, and positions you as a critical consumer, scholar, and citizen.Pre-Req or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

CM-199   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows departments to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by topic.

CM-200   Art of Public Speaking (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; CS,H) Seeks to develop and improve fundamental principles and methods of selecting, organizing, developing, and communicating a line of reasoning and evidence for constructive influence in speaking situations. Students make three formal presentations, analyze messages, and improve their listening skills. Prerequisites: Sophomore, Junior, or Senior standing.

CM-210   Race and Language in the United States (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; SW-US) This class examines racism as a cultural system observed through our beliefs and practices about spoken English. The goal of the course is to develop an understanding of how linguistic prejudice contributes to the cultural programs of racism in the US.

CM-214   Cinderella (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; CA,H) Surveys the historical and cultural origins and pathways of the Cinderella story. Students use folk-tale research to identify the thematic content of the Cinderella story, explore its reach, and understand its ubiquity in American popular culture. The course includes a major project for which students conduct library research in order to write an original Cinderella based in a culture for which we do not have an extant copy. Prerequisites: FYC101, EN110, or EN109.

CM-220   Group Communication (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,CS,SW-LE) This course is designed to improve communication in small-group task and problem-solving situations. We will explore ways of developing communication strategies for effective participation in groups. Students will gain practical experience using these skills and theories by working as a group to address the needs of a community partner. Pre-Req: CM-130 or CM-132 or CM-133. Pre- or Co-Req: Take FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

CM-230   Interpersonal Communication (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; H,CS) Introduces students to the various theories and styles of one-on-one communication. It emphasizes the transactional approach in the study of the communication process as it occurs in interpersonal relationships. It explores interaction as a way by which we come to know ourselves and each other. Pre-Reqs: CM-130 is recommended to be taken prior to this course, but not required.

CM-240   Introduction to Storytelling (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) This course aims to develop a deeper understanding of the art of storytelling and the ability to create narratives for specific and diverse audiences and purposes across multiple mediums. To be able to create impactful stories that can achieve the goals we set as storytellers, we will focus on audience analysis, narrative structure and storytelling for different mediums. AI and ChatGPT will be used to explore the ideas of intercultural sensitivity, empathy, perspective, and humor in storytelling.

CM-245   Photojournalism: the Ethics of Seeing (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; F,H,SW-ER) This introductory course explores the ethical responsibility in photojournalism. We all take pictures and know of photos that have changed us and changed the world. What are the ethics of seeing - a technical term which questions point of view and the understanding of the cultures and social issues portrayed. Pre-req or co-req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109

CM-250   LEAD:Listen & Empath Advocacy Diversity (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; H) Through the creative sharing of stories, the ontology of listening, reflective readings, writings and conversation we will explore diversity and multicultural communication as unfolding dimensions of our intersectionality, especially as it relates to leadership.

CM-261   Communication Studies Abroad I (Spring; Variable; 2.00 Credits; I,H,SW-GE) Students will spend the spring semester preparing for a trip abroad to visit a partner institution. Students will cover topics in the field of Communication such as intercultural and group communication and learn about the target country/culture through film, guest speakers, news, and readings. During the summer term, we will travel to the country for two weeks. Students must take both CM-261 and CM-262. NOTE: The total fee for the experience is split between the two courses, with half on the spring semester billing and the other half on the summer term billing.

CM-262   Communication Studies Abroad II (Summer; Variable; 1.00 Credit; I,H,SW-GE) Students will spend the spring semester preparing for a trip abroad to visit a partner institution. Students will cover topics in the field of Communication such as intercultural and group communication, and learn about the target country/culture through film, guest speakers, news, and readings. During Summer Term, we will travel to the country for two weeks. Prereq: CM-261. NOTE: The total fee for the experience is split between CM-261 and CM-262, with half on the spring semester billing and the other half on the summer term billing.

CM-288   Strategic Communication (Yearly; 3.00 Credits) This course will introduce students to strategic communication theory as it informs practices and skills that organizations employ to achieve goals. Students will learn about communicating with various stakeholders across corporate, non-profit, and public service organizations. This includes designing messages on behalf of social causes and corporate interests that are intended for diverse audiences. Prerequisite: CM-130 or CM-132 or CM-133.

CM-289   Communication Practicum (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00-2.00 Credits; F,H) A Practicum in Communication encourage students to: (1) develop skills in analyzing and delivering public presentations; (2) assess, interpret and analyze messages data among diverse audiences; (3) understand speech communication in a variety of contexts; (4) appreciate public address from a historic perspective; and (5) participate actively in the communication field. This course is repeatable up to 4 credits.

CM-290   The Metaverse (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; H,CW,CS) This introductory course focuses on how information technologies shape the way we think and organize ourselves. In studying the technology of the book, social media and the metaverse, students explore change and technology as central to the decision making of leaders. Prerequisites: CM133 or IT110 or IT111.

CM-299   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows departments to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by topic.

CM-300   Professional Presentations (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; CS,H) Designed for students to improve and polish their speaking skills for effective presentations in professional settings. It is a performance course with emphasis placed on speech structure, audience adaptation, style of presentation (oral report and manuscript reading), with the use of PowerPoint and/or Prez1. Video is used to help speakers understand the relationship between their speaking behaviors and responses of listeners. Prerequisites: CM200.

CM-310   Understanding Health Inequity (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S,WK-SI) In this class, students will learn how to read, understand, and conduct social research about individuals and systems that create disparity in health care and outcomes. The research that we will read and learn to conduct will rely on texts and stories rather than numbers and statistics. The class will address questions such as: what conditions are present that allow some populations greater access to health care than others? What social problems underlie the disparities in health outcomes for women, people of color, and people from low-income backgrounds. Students will gather and analyze their own research data. Pre-Req or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109

CM-330   Media Analysis (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; H,CW,CS) Designed to explore analytical approaches applied to a variety of media, including advertising, television sitcoms, new shows, propaganda, film, music and architecture, in order to ascertain the persuasive messages inherent in each artifact. By examining the rhetorical choices revealed by each method of criticism, we can better understand the structure of message design, the medium and in a larger sense the cultural values that shape both. Prerequisites: CM132 or CM133.

CM-340   Intercultural Communication (Either Semester; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H,I,SW-GE) This course examines symbolic patterns of communication as they relate to issues of diversity. Interactive skills needed to open channels of communication between and among people of diverse backgrounds are analyzed and developed. A multi-cultural approach to the study of human communication serves as a basis for exploring issues of diversity that include but are not limited to race, gender, class, ability, orientation, religion and ethnicity. Prerequisite or corequisite: FYC-101.

CM-365   Organizational Communication (Either Semester; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H,S,CW) Examines the strategic uses of communication by individuals in organizations and by organizations as a whole in the pursuit of organizational goals. Provides students with a theoretical vocabulary to analyze communication in organizational settings in order to understand processes such as social networks, leadership, and power. Focuses on personal and organizational ethics in work place communication. Prerequisites: CM130 and CM230 and CM220.

CM-388   Public Communication Campaigns (Yearly; 3.00 Credits) Provide catalog description here: This course examines the strategies and effects of public communication campaigns aimed at informing and persuading audiences in health, political and environmental contexts. During the semester, students will develop, execute, measure, and analyze a real-world communication campaign within the community. Course Prerequisite: CM-130 or CM-132, or CM-133.

CM-399   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits; H) Allows departments to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by topic.

CM-400   Topics in Communication Philosophy (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H,CS) Topics in Communication Philosophy courses examine the relationship between thoughts, words, and actions. The study of rhetoric will be the basis for each course as it applies to specific contexts: health care, public discourse,diversity, conflicts and debates, political campaigns, and family dynamics. Prerequisites vary depending on topic.

CM-400A   Health Communication (Either Semester; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H) Explores how communication functions to promote health, the important role of information in health care, the development of communication campaigns to promote health awareness, alternative and multicultural approaches to health care, the promotion of ethical health communication, and the use of new health communication technologies. Prerequisite: CM-130 or CM-132, or CM-133.

CM-400B   Storytelling (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H,CS) This performance course gives students the opportunity to examine the oral traditions of the language through the art of reading, writing, listening, watching and telling stories. Stories are at the heart of the human experience. They form the foundation for many academic disciplines. Stories help us to understand our own beliefs, values traditions and civilities. This course aims to strengthen our appreciation and understanding of storytelling, old and new.

CM-400C   Advanced Interpersonal Communication (Fall; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H,CS) This course develops the theories and applications of interpersonal communication by focusing on various perspectives of communication with creativity, conflict in interpersonal relationships, listening and language appreciation. Students are expected to analyze and discuss specific conversational patterns that are both experienced and observed. How these patterns form and transform the conversational dynamic of an interpersonal relationship is explored. Prerequisites: CM130 and CM230.

CM-400D   Rhetoric of Coming Out (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H) This course aims to explore diverse uses of rhetoric applicable to the coming out process. Cultural, social, political, physical, institutional, and financial constructs of the closet are studied in an effort to understand and appreciate the coming out process. Rhetorical constraints, functions, and strategies involved in the construction and deconstruction of the closet, both perceived and real, and of coming out the closet are illuminated. While various perspectives of rhetoric are covered, a classical perspective is most closely examined and applied.

CM-400F   Rhetoric of Spirituality (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H) This course invites students to discover value and meaning in the rhetoric used to describe and define God. Who is and what is God? How do we come to learn about and experience divinity? What role does language play relevant to divinity? Specifically, we will be illuminating epideictic rhetoric and how it functions to establish and sustain faith-based communities. Rhetorical analyses and discussions will guide our efforts to question foundational assumptions embedded in religious values. Such questioning helps to strengthen understandings of spirituality and of the divine.

CM-401   Senior Seminar (Fall; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; H) Senior Seminar in Communication is an opportunity to refine your understanding of your communication POE and experiences and their application to the professional world of business or graduate school. Students will reflect on their communication expertise, prepare resumes and interwiewing techniques, network with alums in communication, and communicate their expertise. This course intends to make explicit the strong knowledge base acquired in a Communication POE and to explore the opportunities available in the field of communication. Prerequisites: Senior standing.

CM-405A   Women, Work & Identity (Fall; Variable; 3.00 Credits; S) Women. Work. Identity. These three words are related in a complex web that many of us struggle to untangle for our entire working lives. In this course, we identify and name the components of the relationships among these words--all in the context of the unique perspective that the communication discipline offers. Prerequisites: CM130 or CM230 or CM220 or CM365 or permission of the instructor.

CM-420A   Hollywood Films (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H,CW) In this course we explore one visual medium: film. Hollywood film is understood as mainstream media which is meant for a general audience and with strong box office constraints. A rhetorical perspective insists on the presence of an audience which is not necessarily of interest in all types of film study but will be crucial in our discussions. We relate theories, methods of production, and criticism to our work but it is not limited to them. This course is an opportunity for students to explore what mainstream films mean and why they are such an important cultural phenomenon. Prerequisites: CM132 or CM133.

CM-420B   Media Violence (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H,CW) This media studies course introduces students to basic issues and research surrounding media violence. We take a hard look at media violence and its scholarly research in order to understand the intricacies of both our fascination and repulsion for all of the media's manifestations of violence. Cross-listed in Communication and Peace and Conflicts Studies, this course asks students to critically analyze media violence while integrating current media research into our understanding of violence as a presence in our lives and what we can or should do about it. Prerequisites: CM132 or CM133.

CM-420C   Digital Media Studies (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H) We know we can connect with a friend studying abroad on a 24/7 basis and when we do research on the WWW, the materials, location, time and distance are irrelevant. This course lets us extend our vision to a serious study of how global business, politics and social relations are changing by these various processes of instant connection and perpetual contact. Digital Media are at the heart of this revolution in communication. Necessarily we want to pay attention to the digital divide and the continuities of our lives as these communication changes occur. In looking at the big picture, the scope of these changes is necessarily global, challenging, complex and fast. Hang on to your seats!! Prerequisites: CM132 or CM133.

CM-420D   Truth and Lying (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H,CW) This media studies course introduces students to the theories of rhetoric to understand the question, who can we trust? We pay special attention to the classical period of Rhetoric and the Rhetoric of the 20th century. Rhetoric has been transformed through media. Despite these transformations, rhetoric has always been considered of first importance for the ethical practical conduct of our everyday lives. How we present or lives our beliefs, attitudes, and commitments is indeed the concern of when we lie and who we can trust in our personal and public lives. Prerequisites: CM132 or CM133.

CM-420E   Digital Storytelling (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H,F,CTDH) Digital stories derive their power in weaving images, music, narrative and voice together, and thereby giving deep dimension and vivid color to characters, situations, experiences, and insights. This course offers students the opportunity to experiment with narratives and their visualization using digital media technologies as a vehicle to tell stories creatively with a clear point of view and audience awareness. Prerequisite: CM-130 or CM-132 or CM-133.

CM-490   Communication Internship (Variable; Variable; 2.00-9.00 Credits; H) Communication students may apply their acquired skills and knowledge to on-the-job internships for a semester during their junior or senior year for a total of 9 credit hours. Television stations, radio stations, newspapers, magazines, public relations, advertising agencies and human relations in health organizations are all possible placements. You not only work as full-time members of a business team, but also evaluate and document your growth in a work journal and prepare a portfolio of presentations or publications. Corequisite: CM-495. Must have junior or senior standing.

CM-495   Communication Internship Seminar (Variable; Variable; 2.00-6.00 Credits; H) In addition to the on-the-job experience provided by the internship, students are required to pursue research related to their placement. An in-depth research paper or presentation is completed during the semester. Corequisite: CM490. Prerequisite: Communication core and Jr. or Sr. standing.

CM-497   Senior Research Seminar (Variable; Variable; 3.00-6.00 Credits; H,CS) Designed to serve as a capstone course for students who emphasize Communication in their POE. The students will be expected to examine communication theories and research methods relevant to a topic, theme, issue, or problem that has served as an area of special interest throughout the previous years of study. Students must have Senior standing and have a POE in Communication. (Formerly titled Honors Seminar).

CM-498   Senior Thesis Research (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00-6.00 Credits; H,CS) Designed to serve as a capstone course for students who emphasize Communication in their POE. The students will be expected to examine communication theories and research methods relevant to a topic, theme, issue, or problem thathas served as an area of special interest throughout the previous two years of study. Students must have Senior standing and have a POE in Communication. Prerequisite: CM-497. (Formerly titled Honors Research.)

CM-499   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows departments to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by topic.

CM-TUT   Communication Teaching Assistant (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) This tutorial provides a structure for the experience of teaching in Communication and reflection on classroom dynamics.

Integrated Media Arts

IM-110   Principles of Digital Media (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; CTDH) An introduction to the concepts of digital media. Students will develop an understanding of the basics of digital media, the technology surrounding the creation and use of digital media, and its association with art, communication, and information technology. Through a laboratory context of experimentation and discussion, the course explores the use of various creative software programs used to create artistic and expressive media content. The course provides an overview of media formats, media creation, the fundamental properties of the tools required for media manipulation, and insight into the artistic, social, psychological, and legal aspects of digital media.

IM-199   IM Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows department to offer topics not normally scheduled.

IM-242   Info Visualization (Fall; Variable; 3.00 Credits; N,CTDH,CTGES) This course considers the various aspects of presenting digital information for public consumption visually. Data formats from binary, text, various file types, to relational databases and web sites are covered to understand the framework of information retrieval for use in visualization tools. Visualization and graphical analyses of data are considered in the context of the human visual system for appropriate information presentation. Various open-source and commercial digital tools are considered for development of visualization projects. Prerequisite: IT 110, IT 111, IM 110, DS 110, or CS 110 or permission.

IM-250   Digital Audio Production (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; F,CTDH) Digital Audio Production introduces the student to the fundamentals of capturing, editing and reproducing sound, using digital tools. Hands on studio work combines with basic acoustic theory to help conceptualize the bridge between the analogue and digital worlds. The final project for the course puts the student in teams to record, edit, mix and do simple mastering on a full length CD.

IM-295   Design Thinking (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; F,WK-CE) This course is an introduction to design thinking as a powerful tool to approach real-world problems. Although design has traditionally been used to describe the process of creating visually appealing and communicative materials, in this course we will discuss how design can approach system thinking to solve the world's most challenging problems in a creative and innovative way. We will focus on changing the way we see a problem through a design thinking lens, learn to listen, engage in the design process, share our ideas in a team setting, identify ways to structure a group of key stakeholders, and find creative ways to apply design thinking methodologies to any problem. The student will learn the concepts that drive design thinking and ways to present your ideas in a persuasive way. Pre- or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

IM-299   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits)

IM-310   Social Media (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; F) This course will introduce students to the context and forms of social media. We will explore the theories and practices of narrative expression in online context, explore social media as culture and study the impact of " the sharing economy. " What is social media, who uses it, who gains from it, and how is it transforming new media as well as traditional media. One of the outcomes of social media is that everything is connected, creating massive amounts of user generated content and data. Students will learn to analyze, design and visualize this data. We will also focus on the social norms of user communities and how we can leverage it to better understand emerging technologies. Students will have the opportunity to explore both theory and practice of social media through writing assignments, presentations, curating and creating creative content, and participating on both online and offline discussions. Prerequisites: IM110 or IT110 or IT111 or CS110.

IM-360   Digital Video Production (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; F,CTDH) Video Production I is a practical hands-on experience with cinematography, audio production, andlighting. Students learn the necessary skills to tell an well produced digital story with appropriate technical knowledge to enhance the narrative and audience engagement. This course will teach students how to work as a professional videographer by expanding digital media knowledge and techniques. Students will learn the technical foundations of video production, camera operation, lighting, audio acquisition and editing. Students will be encouraged to investigate the impact of video content based on the viewer in addition to artistic potential through digital storytelling. Prerequisites: IM110 or permission by permission of instructor with prior video experience.

IM-361   Video Production II (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; F,CTDH) Digital Video Production II allows students to work from ideas to a final video production that is ready to showcase at a film premiere, enter into film competitions, or share with a client as a professional commercial for their business. From preproduction planning all the way to post production editing, students will work on a series of videos with full creative rights. Students will be required to oversee planning, storyboarding, shooting, editing, and final exporting. Students with prior video production experience are preferred. Prerequisite: IM360 or by instructor permission.

IM-375   Community Design Lab (Fall; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; SW-LE,CTDH) Community Design Lab (formerly Integrated Media Arts Lab I) is a laboratory context of experimentation and discussion for students in the IMA Program. Students are given the opportunity to engage in a reciprocal partnership with a local community partner. Working in a team-driven environment with a local community partner students propose, plan, and complete a real-world design project. The course includes reflection, design deliverables, and client presentations throughout the semester. Prerequisite: IM-110, sophomore standing or higher.

IM-376   Business of Design (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) Business of Design (formerly Integrated Media Arts Lab II) is a laboratory context of experimentation and discussion for students in the IMA Program. The course explores the methods and practices of creative industry standards and professionalbusiness practices of being a creative entrepreneur in a competitive world. Students will work on multiple individually driven creative projects to find their personal brand including the development of their online presence as a self promotion tool. By the end of the semester students will understand the business side of creativity including ethical obligations, intellectual property, contracts, negotiation techniques, time tracking, and pricing in a business setting. Pre-Req: sophomore standing or higher.

IM-398   Integrated Media Practicum (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; SW-LE) Credit option for students who are applying their classroom theory by working on IMA projects on- or off-campus. Prerequisite: IM-375 or IM-376. Must have sophomore, junior, or senior class standing.

IM-399   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits)

IM-490   IMA Internship (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 2.00-6.00 Credits) Internship in Integrated Media Arts

IM-495   Internship Seminar (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 2.00-9.00 Credits) See Catalog.

IM-496   IMA Seminar (Fall; All Years; 3.00 Credits) This course is designed to serve as a capstone course for seniors who emphasize Integrated Media Arts in their POE. Students are expected to examine design theory and research methods relevant to a topic, theme, issue, or problem that has served as an area of special interest. This course is intended to allow students to develop, compose, organize, revise, and edit their own writing. Through written assignments students will have the opportunity to produce a thesis or creative project. Students must have senior standing and have a POE in IMA (designated or individualized). Distinction may be achieved if the candidate meets the IMA Distinction requirements.

IM-497   IMA Capstone (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) This course is designed to serve as a capstone course for seniors who emphasize Integrated Media Arts in their POE. Students are expected to examine design theory and research methods relevant to a topic, theme, issue, or problem that has served as an area of special interest. This course is intended to allow students to develop, compose, organize, revise, and edit their own writing. Through written assignments students will have the opportunity to produce a thesis or creative project. Students must have senior standing and have a POE in IMA (designated or individualized). Distinction may be achieved if the candidate meets the IMA Distinction requirements.

IM-TUT   IMA Teaching Assistant (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 1.00-4.00 Credits)

Theatre Arts

TH-120   Tai Chi, Level I (Variable; Yearly; 1.00 Credit) This course provides an introduction to Tai Chi movement, history, and philosophy. Students will be able to explain the history of Tai Chi, perform a solo Tai Chi sequence, and engage in push-hands with a partner. Tai Chi is useful to the performing artist both in its philosophy and also in cultivation of kinesthetic and energetic awareness of the body. It also promotes mindfulness and wellbeing.

TH-121   Tai Chi, Level 2 (Variable; Variable; 1.00 Credit) This course deepens your understanding of Tai Chi movement, history, and philosophy. Students will deepen their understanding of Tai Chi history, perform a solo Tai Chi sequence, and engage in push-hands with a partner at a much deeper level than Tai Chi 1. Tai Chi is useful to the performing artist both in its philosophy and also in cultivation of kinesthetic and energetic awareness of the body. It also promotes mindfulness and wellbeing. Prerequisite: TH-120 or CONN-234. Note: This course is repeatable for credit up to three times.

TH-123   Jedi Academy (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; F,WK-CE) In Jedi Academy, we will examine the nine major Star Wars films but also some of their historical, philosophical, neurobiology, and creative influences and intersections. We will also train our own bodies, minds, and spirits and search for our own personal definition of health, happiness, and wellbeing. NOTE: This course involves a significant physical strength and condition component. Everything we do in class is scalable and modifiable for all abilities and fitness levels. However, student-athletes must get permission from the Head Coach as activities in this class could lead to over-training. Pre-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109

TH-161   Play/Making (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; WK-CE,H,F) Compositions are a collaborative way to rehearse a play, build a play, and nurture ensemble. Built off an idea or theme, book or novel, or an existing play, these short theatre pieces can be woven together into a full-length production or simply stand-alone exercises to deepen an artists' understanding of work. We will be building all of our work off of a central idea with multiple source documents with the goal of creating a final, full-length performance piece.

TH-199   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by title.

TH-221   Acting I (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; F,WK-CE) A study of the discipline of acting, including development of concentration methods, creative energy, fine tuning of the vocal and physical instrument and character analysis.

TH-262   Solos (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; F,CW,WK-CE) This course uses playwriting and performance techniques to move from page-to-stage as students create original one-person shows. We will explore a number of different playwriting techniques from self-exploration, interview, and narrative forms. Then we will rehearse and perform the pieces at the end of the semester in a new play festival.

TH-299   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by title.

TH-325   Acting II (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; F,CS) Upon successful completion of this course, the student should be able to: Meisner-based Practical Aesthetics through script analysis and application to scene work. Develop a deeper confidence in the strength and flexibility of the breath and voice. Collaborate on scene rehearsals with partner in a professional manner Nurture a deeper understanding of her meta-cognition. Integrate strategies for mitigating stress through self-talk, imagery, and meditation. Engender a life-long pursuit of self-improvement and psychophysical mastery. Prerequisite: TH221.

TH-351   Integrated Experience (Fall; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; F) The goal of the integrated experience is to create a space where the student may reflect on her entire curricular and co-curricular experience at Juniata. In discerning how the myriad experiences have impacted and influenced her over the past several years, she will begin to form a narrative of how those experiences have added up to the artist-student she is today and hopes to be tomorrow. She will use this narrative to form a strategic plan for post-graduation activity and, more immediately, a capstone experience that is directly linked to this Integrated Experience. Upon successful completion of this course, the student should be able to: Research possible future opportunities such as grad school, internships, and career paths Map the curricular and co-curricular experiences you have had thus far into a cohesive narrative of a professional self Write a formal grant proposal Create an e-portfolio for professional marketing purposes Develop a comprehensive capstone experience predicated on the totality of your experience thus far Prerequsites: Permission of the instructor.

TH-399   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by title.

TH-405   Directing (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; F,H,CS) The basic principles of stage directing are offered with areas of inquiry and practical application in: script selection and analysis, audition/casting techniques/considerations, rehearsal preparation, the prompt script, working with designers, decision making, working with actors, being a director/guide (vision, focus, note- taking, and giving), and bringing a script/actors/designers to performance. Each student will select and work on a one-act script which, will be presented to the public in a spring semester festival. Prerequisites: Junior or Senior standing and permission of the instructor.

TH-421   Acting III: Styles (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; F,CS) In this course we will investigate the historical and cultural origins of a variety of acting styles, including Greek, Elizabethan, and 20th century non-realistic forms. We will encounter playwrights and theatre makers as wide-ranging as Shakespeare, Beckett, Brecht, and Pina Bausch. At the end of the semester we will perform a public performance of final scenes from a multitude of styles. Prerequisite: TH221.

TH-490   Theatre Internship (Variable; Variable; 2.00-9.00 Credits; H) See Internships in the catalog. Corequisite: TH495. Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor and Jr. or Sr. standing.

TH-494   Senior Capstone (Fall; Yearly; 1.00-3.00 Credits; F) The Theatre Capstone provides an opportunity for senior theatre students to demonstrate excellence in acting, movement, vocal technique, and either writing or interpretation of existing text of their choosing. Seniors gain hands-on directing experience through the completion of their piece, and will be working with a professional designer. Student projects are based on proposals and may include live performances or film projects. Capstones will be presented to a public audience and mentored by faculty. Seniors may register for this course at between one and three credits, depending on credit needs. Prerequisites: Senior status and Theatre Performance POE.

TH-495   Internship Research Seminar (Variable; Variable; 2.00-6.00 Credits; H) See Internships in the catalog. Corequisite: TH490. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor .

TH-TUT   Theatre Tutorial (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) See Catalog.

Cultural Analysis

Data Science

DS-110   Intro to Data Science (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N) This course introduces the student to the emerging field of data science through the presentation of basic math and statistics principles, an introduction to the computer tools and software commonly used to perform the data analytics, and a general overview of the machine learning techniques commonly applied to datasets for knowledge discovery. The students will identify a dataset for a final project that will require them to perform preparation, cleaning, simple visualization and analysis of the data with such tools as Excel and R. Understanding the varied nature of data, their acquisition and preliminary analysis provides the requisite skills to succeed in further study and application of the data science field. Prerequisite: comfort with pre-calculus topics and use of computers.

DS-210   Data Acquisition (Fall & Spring; All Years; 3.00 Credits; N) Students will understand how to access various data types and sources, from flat file formats to databases to big storage data architecture. Students will perform transformations, cleaning, and merging of datasets in preparation for data mining and analysis. PRE-REQ: CS 110 and DS 110.

DS-352   Machine Learning (Fall; Variable; 3.00 Credits; N) This course considers the use of machine learning (ML) and data mining (DM) algorithms for the data scientist to discover information embedded in datasets from simple tables through complex and big data sets. Topics include ML and DM techniques such as classification, clustering, and predictive and statistical modeling using tools such as R, Matlab, Weka, and others. Simple visualization and data exploration will be covered in support of the DM. Software techniques implemented in the emerging storage and hardware structures are introduced for handling big data. Prerequisite: CS-110, DS-110, and an approved statistics course: MA-205, MA-220, BI-305, PY-260, PY-366, or EB-211.

DS-375   Big Data (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N) This course considers the management and processing of large data sets, structured, semi-structured, and unstructured. The course focuses on modern, big data platforms such as Hadoop and NoSQL frameworks. Students will gain experience using a variety of programming tools and paradigms for manipulating big data sets on local servers and cloud platforms. Prerequisites: DS 110 Intro to Data Science and CS 370 Database Management Systems

DS-420   Data Science Capstone (Fall; Yearly; 1.00 Credit) This course is a capstone experience for Data Science POE students and must be completed as part of a student's final 30 credits. It represents the summation of a student's Juniata experience and serves as a bridge to their future goals. Students will have the opportunity to both apply their previous data science skills and develop new skills through a data analysis project. Prerequisites: DS-110, CS-110, and one course from the following list: MA-220 or MA-205 or EB-211 or BI-305 or ESS-230 or ESS-309 or PY-361 or SW-215.

DS-485   Data Science Research (Variable; Variable; 1.00-5.00 Credits) Under the direction of their advisor, students will complete an original, independent research project in Data Science. A written report and oral presentation summarizing their research experience and results will be prepared. This course is a requirement for students who are candidates for distinction in Data Science. Instructor permission required.

DS-490   Data Science Internship (Variable; Yearly; 2.00-9.00 Credits) See Internship in the catalog. Requires instructor permission. Corequisite: DS-495

DS-495   Internship Seminar (Variable; Yearly; 2.00-6.00 Credits) See Internship in the catalog. Requires instructor permission. Corequisite: DS-490

DS-500   Data Science Fundamentals (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits) A graduate level introduction to data science through a focus on the language R. Support tools and libraries such as Rstudio and the tidyverse will be emphasized. Students will complete the data science boot camp (a weekend in person intensive or online equivalent) at the start of this online course.

DS-510   Computer Science Fundamentals (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits) A graduate-level introduction to Computer Science Fundamentals through a focus onthe Python language. Students will complete the data science boot camp (a weekend in-person intensive or online equivalent) at the start of this online course.

DS-516   Mathematics Fundamentals (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) Selected topics of discrete mathematics and linear algebra related to data science analysis techniques and algorithms.

DS-520   Statistics Fundamentals (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) Overview of basic statistical techniques including descriptive statistics, hypothesis testing, and regression.

DS-525   Data Acquisition & Visualization (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) A graduate-level introduction to retrieving, cleaning, and visualizing data from widely varied sources and formats. The student will use common data science languages and tools for extraction, transformation, loading and visualizing data sets. Project presentations will have an emphasis on communication skills. Tableau visualization tools and Python libraries are used.

DS-530   Multivariate Techniques (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) Multivariate statistical techniques including multivariate regression, logistic regression, and dimension reduction techniques. Students will get hands-on experience applying the topics covered to real datasets using R, a powerful and popular open-source statistical computing language. Prereqs: DS-516 and DS-520.

DS-552   Data Mining (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) This course considers the use of machine learning (ML) and data mining (DM) algorithms for the data scientist to discover information embedded in wide-ranging datasets, from the simple tables to complex data sets and big data situations. Topics include ML and DM techniques such as classification, clustering, predictive and statistical modeling using tools such as R, Python, Matlab, Weka and others. Prerequisite: DS-500, DS-510, or by permission

DS-570   Database Systems (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) This course focuses on database design and relational structures, datawarehousing and access through SQL. Students will use SQL to create and pull data from database systems. NoSQL and data warehousing are also covered to give students the necessary background in database systems. Pre-Req: DS-510

DS-575   Big Data Techniques (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) This course considers the management and processing of large data sets, structured, semi-structured, and unstructured. The course focuses on modern, big data platforms such as Hadoop and NoSQL frameworks. Students will gain experience using a variety of programming tools and paradigms for manipulating big data sets on local servers and cloud platforms. Prerequisite: DS-500 or DS-510

DS-580   Data Science Capstone (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) Data science practicum requiring completion of a large-scale analysis project of a given data set. Written and oral communication skills emphasized. Prerequisites: DS-500, DS-510, DS-516, and DS-520, or instructor permission.

Education

ED-110   Foundations of Education (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S,WK-SI) Discusses the historical and contemporary bases of major political, economic, legal, sociological, and psychological issues affecting public school systems. Students review current issues in education and write a personal philosophy statement. Co-Req: ED-111. Pre-Req or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

ED-111   Foundations of Education Field Experience (Variable; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; S) Provides a classroom experience for students who are interested in education to explore teaching as a career and observe the application of multiple philosophies, theories, and teaching strategies. Corequisite: ED-110

ED-120   Child Development (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) Provides an in-depth introduction to child development, cognition, behavior, and learning from conception through middle childhood. Using an ecological approach, students examine characteristics of physical, social, emotional, cognitive, and language development at each age; identify typical and atypical development; compare and contrast major theories of development and learning; and explore diverse issues in child development and early education, including gender, culture, language, ability, family, social policy, educational setting, and the influence of heredity and environment. Assignments include readings, research, presentations, and direct observation of young children.

ED-130   Adolescent Development (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) Examines human physical, cognitive, and social-emotional development from preadolescence through emerging adulthood. Topics include: identity, sexuality, and gender issues; emotional and behavioral challenges of adolescence, the impact of culture, language, and disability on adolescents, and the role of family, schools, and peers on development. Enrollment priority in this course is given to Education POEs.

ED-199   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Special topics provides students, particularly those not seeking certification, with experience organizing and communicating knowledge in their fields of study. This may be accomplished in public schools or other areas of social/community work, e.g., community health programs or family planning agencies. Note: titles may vary each semester; students may take each course for credit.

ED-240   Introduction to Students With Exceptionalities (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) Introduces the culture of exceptionalities within the public special education system. Historical, philosophical, educational, and legal perspectives will be presented. Students will learn the categories of exceptionalities, general characteristics of individuals with exceptionalities eligibility criteria, and the referral process for special education services. Professional and community resources, inclusion and other current issues will be discussed. Prerequisites: ED-110, ED-111, and ED-120 or ED-130.

ED-260   Families, Schools, and Communities (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) This course provides an in-depth view of the relationship between families, schools, and communities. While exploring their own beliefs and values, students examine family diversity and the impact of socioeconomic status, culture, language, lifestyle, and ethnicity on child development. Discussion will focus on building effective partnerships with families, schools, and community members through development of strategies that establish culturally sensitive and nurturing relationships. In addition, best practices related to trauma informed instruction will be integrated throughout course content.

ED-299   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows departments to offer courses not normally taught.

ED-304   Teaching for Social Justice (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) Teaching for social justice will focus on competencies, current issues, and best teaching practices used in early childhood social studies curriculum. Emphasis will be placed on social justice and an interdisciplinary approach to learning for PreK-4 learners. Discussion will focus on marginalized groups to raise awareness for diverse perspectives. Students will engage in building critical cultural awareness for social change in early childhood classrooms.

ED-309   Intro to Autism Spectrum Disorders (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) This course examines the etiology, characteristics, and issues related to individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Topics include diagnosis, evidence-based teaching strategies, and techniques to address strengths and areas of development over the life span.

ED-312   Language and the Brain (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) Provides an overview of research-based models of language acquisition, both typical and atypical in children. Topics include theories of language acquisition, neurological bases of speech and language, cognitive, perceptual and motor bases of early language and speech,social and communicative bases of early language and speech, language learning and teaching, relationship of language to literacy acquisition, language differences in diverse learners. Prerequisite: ED-120.

ED-313   Language and Brain Lab (Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; S) Extends and enhances learning in ED312 Language and the Developing Brain. Through participation in classroom settings, students will be able to observe and interact with young children in Kindergarten through Grade 2 and public education professionals, apply knowledge and understanding of language development and theory, analyze and assess language development using formal and informal assessment tools, monitor student performance, and adapt instruction and interactions to meet individual needs, scaffold learning, and guide behavior. Prerequisite: ED-120. Corequisite: ED-312.

ED-314   English Language Learners (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) Focuses on the historical, legal, and cultural issues pertaining to meeting the educational needs of English language learners. Students are be introduced to research-based best practices in instruction and assessment strategies for working with English language learners in the general education classroom setting. Prerequisite: ED-120 or ED-130.

ED-330   Language and Literature I K-1st (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; CW,S) Emphasizes methodologies of teaching the language arts (listening, speaking, reading, writing, viewing, and visually representing), including the development of these abilities and the provision for ELL students and students with special needs in language learning. The primary purpose of this course is to bring each student to an understanding of communication as the complex, rich, and primary form of human interaction. Prerequisites: ED311 and ED312 or permission of the instructor.

ED-341   Adaptations for Students With Exceptionalities (Spring; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; S,CW) The purpose of this course is to learn how to develop and manage effective inclusive learning environments for students with disabilities at the secondary level. Content will focus on the knowledge and skills necessary to create an instructional environment that communicates challenging expectations to students while utilizing and modifying research based instructional strategies/resources/technologies. Students will learn the critical components of effective collaboration with parents and professionals. Successful completion of a field experience in an educational setting is also a requirement. Prerequisites: ED110, ED111 and ED240.

ED-342   Assessment Learners (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) This course provide in depth knowledge of and skills in assessment as it pertains to students with disabilities, the special education system, and Pre-K through grade 4 education. Historical perspectives as they relate to contemporary assessment practices are highlighted. Focus is placed on selection and administration of assessment tools, scoring, and interpretation of data for early intervention and special education eligibility. Students will be required to write an Individual Family Service Plan (IFSP) and an Individual Education Plan (IEP). Prerequisites: ED110, ED111, ED240, and ED-120 or ED-130.

ED-343   Differentiated Instruction (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) The purpose of this course is to develop skills for the development and management of effective inclusive learning environments at the Pre-K through Grade 4 level. Content will focus on the strategies necessary to create an instructional and social environment that communicates challenging expectations to students while utilizing and modifying research based instructional strategies/resources/technologies to address individual learning needs. Focus is placed on strategies for establishing positive relationships with students, parents, and professionals. Prerequisites: Take ED-120 and ED-240. Corequisite: ED-401.

ED-350   Science Methods (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) This course is for education students seeking certification in Early Childhood Education program and is intended to address the learning needs and best practices for teaching math, science, and technology to PreK-4th grade students in the 21st-century classroom. The primary focus of this course will be in the sciences but will include the integration of math, technology, and engineering. We explore science and the process of teaching science to elementary students using students' natural curiosity. The main vehicle of exploration will be an inquiry approach as we discover STEM learning the way we want our students to experience it. Prerequisites: ED-110, ED-111, either ED-120 or ED-130, ED-240, and ED-343.

ED-370   Practicum in EC Education (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00-3.00 Credits; S) A field experience designed for students seeking early childhood certification. This course is especially desirable for students who have done or will do practicums at the elementary level. Requires sophomore standing and instructor permission.

ED-392   Field Experience in Secondary Education (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 1.00-14.00 Credits; S) A field experience in which students apply theory they have learned in a middle or high school setting. This practicum is not the normal student teaching that is required for certification. Available by permission only. May be repeated up to a maximum of 9 credits.

ED-395   Field Experience in Early Childhood Education (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00-3.00 Credits; S) A field experience designed for students seeking Pre K-4 certification. This course is especially desirable for students who have done or will do field experiences at the elementary level. Prerequisite: ED-120. Course may be repeated up to a total of 3 credits. Available by permission only.

ED-396   Practicum in Special Education (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00-3.00 Credits; S) A field experience primarily designed for students seeking special education certification or interest in education studies. This course provides students with opportunities to gain more experience working with students with special needs in a variety ofeducational settings. Prerequisites: ED341 Available by permission only.

ED-398   Methods for Foreign Language Education (Fall; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; S,CS) This course is for students interested in teaching foreign languages or English as a foreign language or second language (ESL). This course provides a thorough introduction to contemporary theories and methods of language pedagogy. Students seeking K-12 certification in foreign languages may take this course instead of ED420 after completing study abroad. It may also be taken by those students who have an interest in teaching English abroad. International students who are here for a semester or a year should also consider taking this course. Prerequisites: ED110 and ED111 and ED130 and ED240 and ED341.

ED-399   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer courses not normally taught. Note: Titles vary each semester; students may take each special topics course for credit.

ED-401   Junior Field Experience (Fall; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; S) ED-401 is a comprehensive field experience. Students complete at least 4 hours/week of field experience, Prerequisites: ED-120 and ED-240. Corequisite: ED-343.

ED-403   Math Methods: PreK-6 (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) Math is all around us and an early start in conceptual mathematics will promote understanding and problem solving for young learners. This course is designed to introduce appropriate teaching strategies that highlight both NAEYC and NCTM standards for the mathematical development of the child (Prek-6). Prerequisite: ED-120.

ED-411   ReadingDifficulties (Fall; Yearly; 2.00 Credits; S) This course provides an in-depth review of the literature concerning language-based learning disabilities. The course will address assessment and intervention strategies for struggling readers and writers in early and middle childhood. Formative, summative, benchmark, and diagnostic measures will be addressed as they relate to classroom intervention. Research-based intervention strategies will be analyzed within the perspective of meeting the needs of learners with diverse learning profiles and etiologies for their language-based academic difficulties. Topics included are early identification, research-based assessment and intervention, authentic assessment strategies for diverse learners and ELL's, technology to support instruction. Prerequisite: ED-120 or ED-130.

ED-412   Reading Difficulties Lab (Fall; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; S) This formal experience requires pre-service teachers to participate in an after school reading clinic for children in grades K through five who are identified as at-risk or struggling readers. Formal and informal assessment tools will be applied and used in decision making for research-based interventions. Communication with in-service teacher mentors and parents will be emphasized. Pre and post measures of achievement will be applied. A formal case report will be completed. Prerequisites: ED-212 and either ED-120 or ED-130. Corequisite: ED-411.

ED-413   Rural Outreach & Reading (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit) The Rural Outreach and Reading course offers an opportunity for education students to provide data driven reading interventions for primary school children who are struggling in reading and related language skills. Juniata students provide research-based interventions in small group and one-to-one settings two afternoons each week. Juniata Students complete readings related to the intervention, submit reflections, and provide reports of assessment and response to intervention.

ED-419   Pre-Student Teaching Field Experience (Either Semester; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; S) Secondary pre-student-teaching practicum is a required 80-hour minimum practicum in the linked placement where you will be going for student teaching. Students should plan to spend four consecutive hours in their placement each week.Reliable transportation is REQUIRED. Co-Requisite: ED-420.

ED-420   General Secondary Methods (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S,SW-ER) General Secondary Methods & Ethics in Education: This teacher education course is an overview of general methods for teaching secondary students. It also includes Disciplinary Literacy to help students meet the PA Core Standards. It will also address ethics in education and force students to rethink and challenge the current educational systems. Pre-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109;Co-Req: ED-419.

ED-423   Secondary Education Field Trip (Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; S) Join in an interdisciplinary course that will design and execute a field trip for local secondary students. This is a practical application course that will highlight the importance of field trips and provide an opportunity for designing and executing a successful field trip.

ED-430   Language and Literacy (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S,CW) Three themes are woven throughout the course: helping students develop as strategic readers and writers; research-based best practices in teaching; and managing the classroom and curriculum for literacy instruction. The course will begin with a review of the reading and writing process and the principles of effective teaching of reading, based on the IRA/NCTE Standards for the English Language Arts. Emphasis is placed on meeting the individual learning needs of all the children and on application of the PA Academic Standards for Reading, Writing, Speaking, and Listening standards. Pre-Requisite: ED-310 (optional).

ED-433   Pre-Student Teaching Seminar (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) Students complete two half-day practicum visits each week in their upcoming spring semester student teaching placements and meet for a one-hour seminar each week to discuss current issues. Assignments include but are not limited to a weekly reflection journal, orientation to your school packet, observation reports, attendance, and participation. Prerequisites: ED-310 (optional). Corequisites: ED-430.

ED-440   High Incidence Disabilities (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) This course focuses on academic instruction for students with learning disabilities,attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, specific language impairment and mild intellectual disablilities. Topics include systematic teaching, co-teaching, language arts and mathematics instruction, content area instruction and strategy instruction. Prerequisites: ED240.

ED-441   Low Incidence Disabilities (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; S) Examines research-based practices for instruction and behavior management for students with low incidence disabilities, specifically severe cognitive impairments, low vision and blindness, autism, spectrum disorder, physical or health disabilities, and traumatic brain injury. Students complete a practicum in a low incedence classroom setting allowing them to apply concepts and techniques discussed in class. Students complete a series of assignments in the practicum setting Case studies, guest speakers, and field trips are included in this seminar format course. Prerequisites: Senior standing or permission of the instructor.

ED-442   Social,Emotional,Behavior (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) This course focuses on specific instructional and behavioral research based strategies for students with social, emotional, and behavioral disabilities. Emphasis is placed on school-wide behavior and classroom management systems designed to prevent inappropriate behaviors and promote appropriate and desirable behaviors. Students will learn empirical strategies and procedures for making the general curriculum accessible to students and the role of general and special education teachers in effectively addressing student needs. A major component of this course is the importance of promoting self-determination to facilitate independent learners. Prerequisites: ED240 and ED343.

ED-450   Student Teaching (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 14.00 Credits; S,SW-LE) Student teaching is the capstone experience for students preparing for certification to teach in their content area(s). Students synthesize and apply knowledge of developmental theory, content, and teaching methodology as they design, implement, and evaluate learning experiences in an intensive internship in the classroom. Co-requisite: ED-451. NOTE: Must have completed all clearances and requirements and have access to reliable transportation. Secondary level student teaching is in the fall semester; PreK-4th grade level and language education student teaching are in the spring semester.

ED-451   Student Teaching Seminar (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; S) In conjunction with student teaching, students attend weekly seminars that are led by the college supervisors. These meetings focus on professional topics and allow students to reflect upon and share their student teaching experience. In addition, students develop interviewing techniques, become familiar with employment seeking strategies, and develop a portfolio that includes but is not limited to a resume, a philosophy of education statement, lesson plans, and documentation of professional experiences. Corequisite: ED450.

ED-452   Dual Certification Student Teaching (Summer; Yearly; 6.00 Credits; S) The purpose of this course is to provide an additional student teaching experience for individuals who are seeking certification in more than one certification area. In order to enroll the student must have successfully completed all requirements including student teaching in another certification area or who hold Pennsylvania certification in another area. Prerequisite: ED450. Note: Students must enroll in summer school and pay for 6 credits.

ED-494   Internship/Need Paperwork (Variable; Variable; 2.00-9.00 Credits; S) See catalog.

ED-495   Internship Seminar (Variable; Variable; 2.00-6.00 Credits; S) See catalog.

ED-499   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer subjects not normally taught. Prerequisites vary by title.

ED-501   Foundations of Special Education (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) Special education professionals apply knowledge of theories, evidence-based practices, and relevant laws to advocate for programs, supports, and services for individuals with exceptionalities. This course provides an overview of exceptionality in children/youth from birth to 21 years of age. Students will gain foundational knowledge of the field, professional ethical principles, and practice standards to inform special education practice.

ED-502   Special Education Law (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) This course provides a breadth and depth of information on special education law including: (1) a comprehensive overview of the history of special education, (2) pertinent court cases that impacted legislation, and (3) current legislation that secures access and rights for children and youth with exceptionalities and their families. IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) and its principles will be a key focus.

ED-503   Understanding the Research in Special Ed (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) In this course students critically examine and interpret the current research in order to identify and subsequently utilize best practices in the classroom. Both qualitative and quantitative techniques are reviewed. Students review the professional literature and share findings with a learning community that embraces professional development.

ED-504   Supporting Students w/Behavioral Needs (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) This course provides an overview of strategies that promote social, emotional, and behavioral growth of students while fostering a welcoming and safe classroom environment that encourages positive behavior through the use of responsive and preventative measures. Students will learn to conduct functional behavioral analyses and apply principles of PBIS (Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports) to deliver evidence-based interventions that support positive behaviors.

ED-505   Assessment: Using Data to Drive Decisns (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) First, this course provides an overview of the special education process outlining how a child or youth is identified for services. Second, this course introduces students to a variety of assessment tools that are reliable, valid, and minimize bias. Students learn to create, administer, and score assessments and subsequently use this information to inform instruction, practices, and programming. Ethical practices and considerations are discussed.

ED-506   Effective Instruction for All (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) This course focuses on designing and delivering effective instructional strategies. Content will focus on understanding the unique needs and learning differences of all individuals and using this to inform practices and programming. In addition to an explicit and systematic approach, topics will include active student engagement, motivation, opportunities to respond, self-regulation, and grouping for instruction. Students will also learn to align standards to ensure access to the general education curriculum for all.

ED-507   Science of Reading (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) This course provides an in-depth review of the literature on structured literacy instruction that supports typical readers as well as students who struggle to acquire the literacy skills that are essential to success in school and life. Students will explore the body of work that exists on the Science of Reading (SOR) which is based upon an emerging consensus from multidisciplinary research that supports and explains the importance of explicit, systematic, and sequential instruction to support students' acquisition of literacy skills. The SOR framework for understanding reading development and disability will be utilized.

ED-508   Culturally Responsive Teaching (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits)

ED-509   Low Incidence Disabilities (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) In this course students will learn evidence-based strategies to work with learners with low-incidence disabilities, severe/multiple disabilities, and/or complex communication needs. Instructional strategies focusing on functional academics, social skills, prosocial behaviors, communicative competence, among other areas will be discussed. Additional topics include positive behavior supports, assistive technologies, AAC (Augmentative and Alternative Communication), and collaborative partnerships with families.

ED-510   Capstone in Special Education (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) Students engage in a culminating project that demonstrates the content knowledgeand skills they learned throughout their program. Students identify and implement a best or emerging evidence-based practice and then collect baseline and intervention data to determine intervention effectiveness. By the end of the course, students produce a capstone paper and share their research within a learning community via a presentation. This course should be taken toward the end of the program. Pre-req: ED-501, ED-502, and ED-503

ED-TUT   Education Teaching Assistant (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Teaching Assistant

English

EN-120   Forms of Literature (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; H) An introduction to the study of literary forms, including poetry, drama, short story, novel, novella, and essay. Students will read texts from a wide variety of genres and historical periods, to examine how litereay forms developed and gain/lost popularity over time. Students will learn the vocabulary and technique of literary analysis.

EN-122   Interpreting Pop Literature (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H) Utilizing Harry Potter, The Hunger Games, World War Z, and other popular works of fiction for class, this introductory course will engage students in the fundamental terms and approaches needed to analyze, appreciate and discuss works of fiction at the college level. Students will study introductory elements of literary theory, emphasizing using various social and theoretical perspectives, as a means of learning how to identify cultural and literary meaning within texts.

EN-145   Peer Tutor Training (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; H) Peer tutor training is designed to provide an academic experience that will prepare students to serve as tutors. Students will focus on communication skills, learning styles, need analysis, and tutoring strategies. Prerequisite: EN110.

EN-146   WA Pedagogy and Practice (Fall; Yearly; 1.00 Credit) This course will provide an academic foundation for students who are serving as Writing Associates for first-year classes. Students will focus on how to provide provide formative feedback to students and maintain clear communication with professors. Coursework will include exploration of writing theory and learning modalities. This course will be required in order to serve as a Writing Associate.

EN-162   Women and Literature (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,WK-HT) Hostility directed at women's reading and writing often serves as an indicator of a society's anxiety about the social impact of women's artistic and intellectual development. To read is to expand your knowledge of the world and your place in it. To write is to assert that your ideas, opinions, and voice are worthy of attention. This course presents selections from literature by women beginning with 18th century works before moving into contemporary writing. We will pay special attention to the historical and cultural contexts of our readings. Prerequisite: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

EN-170   World Literatures (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; H,I,SW-GE) Studies works of African, Asian, Latin American, South American, Caribbean, and Native American literature. Discussions focus on ways literature reveals cultural perspectives and philosophies.

EN-191A   Unlock Your Voice (Fall; Even Years; 1.00 Credit; H) A Coffeehouse to Celebrate Literature by Women Writers. Students who participate in this practicum will head teams of volunteers to produce all aspects of the program.

EN-191B   Lift Ev'ry Voice (Fall; Odd Years; 1.00 Credit) A Coffee house to Celebrate Black History Month. Students in this practicum will head teams of volunteers to produce all aspects of the program.

EN-199   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topics. Prerequisites vary by title.

EN-200   History of the Language (Spring; Odd Years; 3.00 Credits; H,I) Like other languages, English is not monolithic, and it is always on the move. This course examines how English functions now, both in its Standard form and in many of its varieties around the world; how its sounds and structures have changed from its Proto-Indo-European beginnings; and what major factors have influenced those changes. Prerequisites: FYC101, EN110, or EN109.

EN-203   Class/Status/Identity in US Literature (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; SW-LE) This class will focus on representations of social and economic class in U.S. literature. These texts illustrate how social class can define identity and shape perceptions of the American Dream. The class will collect and distribute oral histories about work experiences in collaboration with the local Huntingdon community members. Prerequisite or corequsite: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

EN-204   English Colloquium (Fall; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; H) The English Colloquium prepares students for academic expectations in the English department and introduces them to professional opportunities within the discipline. This colloquium is intended for students with English, Secondary Education/English or Professional Writing POEs, individualized POEs with foundation in literature or writing, or students with secondary emphases in English. Pre-requisites: sophomore standing, one EN course beyond EN110, or instructor's permission.

EN-207   Heaven or Hell on Earth (Spring; Even Years; 4.00 Credits; H) In this course we will examine the ways in which specific novels, short stories and films explore various perspectives on nightmarish or ideal societies through alternative political and social ideologies. The class will introduce various literary theories (including Marxism, approaches to feminism and New Historicism) as well as the genre and history of utopian and dystopian literature. V for Vendetta, Sir Thomas More's Utopia, Plato's Atlantis writings, Children of Men and other works will be covered during the semester. Prerequisites: EN110 or EN109.

EN-208   Explorations in Creative Writing (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; WK-CE) In this course, we'll explore the three primary creative writing genres: fiction, nonfiction, and poetry. Through assigned texts, we'll establish a common vocabulary of concepts for discussing form, voice, point of view, structure, and other important elements of craft. You'll then put those concepts into practice by writing in each genre. Every student will be required to submit at least one poem, essay, or work of fiction to be read and discussed during in-class workshops. Prerequisite: FYC-101.

EN-211   Pennsylvania Literature (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,SW-US) Pennsylvania is a rich and storied landscape featuring a large rural area bookended by two historic cities, all serving as the backdrop for this course. Using literature and film, as well as articles, musical selections, and local engagement activities, this course will examine stories portraying various cultures, lifestyles, and people in Pennsylvania. This course will also consider how many of the different communities and peoples that make up the Keystone State have been represented historically and in fiction. Students will also explore some of the complex social, political, and economic contexts that have shaped the state's history as well as the lived experiences of its people. Pre-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

EN-212   Sports Literature (Either Semester; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H) Students will consider ways in which sports literature written over the last eighty years reveals the developing and shifting American ideologies concerning subjects such as race, gender, sexuality, and justice, over that same time period. Students will also develop an understanding of the genres and purposes in various forms of sports literature, including newspaper articles, magazine feature articles, short stories, and novels. Prerequisite: EN110 or EN109.

EN-213   Zombie Nation (Either Semester; Variable; 4.00 Credits; CA,H,SW-ER) Students will explore media that reflect our cultural fixation with zombies. Through analysis and discussion, students will explore the intersections between fictional zombies and actual cultural practices that reflect the mindlessness of a zombie culture. Students will explore the ethical implications of the creation and destruction of zombies. Prerequisite: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

EN-215   Boys Will Be Boys (Spring; Odd Years; 3.00 Credits; H) This course explores the experiences of men and boys as represented through works of fiction and analyzed via cultural, economic and social contexts. The course considers " maleness " as a social construct and how perceptions within American society influence men's actions and the ways in which they perceive themselves, other men, women, and social situations.

EN-217   Disability in Fiction (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,SW-ER) This course considers how various texts portray individuals with disabilities. Via short stories, novels, theoretical articles, films, and memoirs we will explore ways that stereotypical portrayals can stigmatize and discriminate against people with disabilities. The class will also examine narratives and voices that question the definition of 'normal' as well as reinterpret traditional representations of disability. We will consider key concepts such as ableism, justice, access, and the medical and social models of disability. The course will also introduce some of the ways that disability intersects with other aspects of identity such as gender, sexuality, race, and class. Prerequisite: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

EN-236   Dirty Books (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; H,CW,SW-ER) In this course, students will explore the ethical questions surrounding the practices of challenging, censoring, and banning books from American public schools and libraries based on objections to various texts' inclusion of sex, homosexuality, vulgarity, violence, and religion/atheism. Prerequisite: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

EN-237   Constructing Identities (Either Semester; Variable; 4.00 Credits; CA) Applying various cultural and theoretical perspectives, students will view and read works from Quentin Tarantino, Christopher Nolan, Kurt Vonnegut, Salman Rushdie, David Foster Wallace and others to examine ways that consumerism, technology, social institutions and other facets of modern culture and society shape identities and influence the human condition. Prerequisite: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

EN-238   Unnatural Acts (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; H) From the Puritans to tree-huggers, America has been divided between those who see Nature as moral and liberating, and those who see society as the taming of savage, godless wilderness. This course will examine that tension in writers from Hawthorne and Melville to Faulkner.

EN-239   Bloody Murder (Spring; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,WK-HT) The United States has always been a violent nation, and American writers have used that violence to explore questions of justice, truth, and human nature. This course will examine the portrayal of violence in writers from Poe to Cormac McCarthy. Prerequisite or corequisite: FYC-101.

EN-247   Writing for Change (Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,SW-US) This course immerses students into the study and practice of writing that strives to bring about social change. Students will explore the argumentative tactics of writing in the service of advocacy, activism, and non-profit organizations, as well as its circulation across audiences and platforms. In addition to crafting public-facing genres like op-eds, persuasive articles, and posters, students investigate the process of grant-writing and the strategies of media campaigns. Prerequisite: FYC-101. (Previously titled Writing for Social Change)

EN-251   Narratives of Slavery (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,CW,SW-US) The personal narratives of people enslaved in the United States are the foundational works of the African American literary tradition, and they have influenced generations of American authors. Originally written as a means of promoting the abolition of slavery, contemporary writers have taken this historical form and transformed it to reflect upon the past and engage with problems of the present. In this course, we will read a variety of original narratives of slavery and put them in dialogue with contemporary fictionalized narratives depicting the experience of slavery. In doing so, we will explore topics such as the boundaries between fact and fiction, the political uses of literature, the afterlife of slavery, cultural authenticity, and many others. Prerequisite: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

EN-253   Literature of the Jazz Age (Spring; Even Years; 3.00 Credits; H) Called the " Jazz Age " by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the 1920s were marked by great cultural change. In response to the trauma of the First World War, the " lost generation " broke traditional social barriers while embracing radically new forms of art. Beginning in 1920 (the year both women's suffrage and prohibition were passed as constitutional amendments) and concluding with the 1929 stock market crash that signaled the start of the Great Depression, we will examine the role of the Harlem Renaissance in inspiring and sustaining domestic and expatriate American modernism. With special emphasis on the interplay of art, music, and literature, this class will examine the literature of the Jazz Age across genre " and racial " boundaries, concluding with two contemporary works that evaluate the lasting significance of this era on American culture. Prerequisite: EN110 or EN109.

EN-255   Passing Narratives (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; CA,H) Passing narratives investigate how the boundaries of identity can be reimagined. Most often depicting racial passing (when a person " passes for " someone of another race), these narratives also can be about performing another gender or sexual identity. In this course, we will trace the evolution of this trope through American literature and film. Prerequisites: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

EN-262   Unhappily Ever After (Spring; Odd Years; 3.00 Credits; H) Deaths. Betrayals. Loves lost. Falls from grace. These calamities, and those that suffer them, have captivated dramatists, novelists, philosophers, and theoreticians since the first tragedy was staged in ancient Athens over 2,500 years ago. This course will explore how literary cultures have understood and expressed notions of tragedy in different historical periods. By examining the ways in which we inflict and endure suffering, we will consider how literary tragedy informs our understanding of the human condition.

EN-271   Public Health Writing (Spring; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H,CW) Focuses on health and medical writing for public audiences. The course will familiarize students with health literacy, plain language, and visual communication skills. Students will analyze and compose common genres of public health writing, including reports about health in the media, advocacy documents, science journalism articles, and public health posters. Prerequisites: EN110 or EN109.

EN-272   Introduction to Professional Writing (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,CW,SW-ER) What are we talking about when we talk about professionalism? What characterizes professional communication? In today's world, what does it mean to use professional writing ethically? To answer these questions, this course focuses on the study, practice, and revision of writing in professional settings. Examining and producing memos, proposals, and reports, students take concrete steps towards exploring potential future careers. Prerequisite or Corequisite: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

EN-273   Visual Literacy (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,WK-HT) In today's multimedia world, images communicate meaning and advance arguments in numerous ways, and new technologies of the visual demand new forms of literacy to understand, interpret, and create visual communication. Through comics and graphic novels, maps, visual arguments, and theories of seeing, this course immerses students into the theory and practices of visual literacy. Prereq: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

EN-299   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by title.

EN-301   Young Adult Literature (Fall; Even Years; 4.00 Credits; H) Students will read & analyze a variety of literature from the Young Adult Lit category. Students will engage in class discussions and make presentations based on individual research.

EN-302   The Literature of Social Protest (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; SW-US) In this course, we will explore the use of literature as a means of protesting social injustice throughout U.S. history. How have American authors used novels, poems, stories, and essays to illustrate social problems, create empathy, and advocate for social change? What are the boundaries between art and politics? How might literary aesthetics inspire social action? How has literature shaped social progress and vice versa? Questions of literary form, merit, and content will guide our search, as will questions of representation, politics, and economics. Though topics will range widely (but often intersect), we will ask how each literary work engages with the foundational statement of American dissent, " The Declaration of Independence. " Prerequisite or corequisite: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

EN-305   Fiction Writing (All Years; 4.00 Credits; F,H,WK-CE) In this course, we will work to develop skills in the art of writing fiction. Students will study fiction as a craft, read and discuss fiction by major writers, critique each other's work, and write and revise extensively. Prerequisite: FYC- 101.

EN-306   Creative Nonfiction Writing (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,CW,WK-CE) The course introduces the art of the creative nonfiction essay-types of essays, variety of forms, and purposes of the essay. Students will write essays, revise extensively, and critique each other's work throughout the course. Through this process, students become familiar with the formal elements of prose style. Prerequisite: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109. Also must have sophomore class standing or above.

EN-307   Mythology in Film (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,WK-HT) This course will explore how film communicates the myths of a various societies to its members. By combining theoretical approaches to myth with film analysis, we will explore the ways in which cinema both influences and reflects the way we think, what we value, fear, and aspire to achieve. Focusing on some of the most prevalent themes in this genre, students will be introduced to Classical and contemporary adaptations of myths and their historical and cultural contexts, examining how those narratives provide meaning today via cinema. Prerequisites: EN110 or EN108 and EN109.

EN-308   English Research Methods (Variable; Yearly; 2.00 Credits) This course is an introduction to English research methods taken in the junior year. Students will learn and negotiate the research process, applying the skills learned to their analysis of literary works or writing research. Writing, ethics, and constructing effective research questions and arguments will be covered to prepare students for completing their senior research thesis, paper, or creative project. Pre-req: EN-204 English Colloquium and Junior Standing

EN-311   Professional News and Feature Writing (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits; H,CW) This advanced writing course introduces students to the genres and techniques of journalism. Students will write a number of news and feature stories. The writing process involves interviewing, note-taking and other forms of data gathering on campus and at local news events, creating multiple story drafts, and participating in peer-editing workshops. Work culminates in a portfolio of stories written throughout the semester. Students need not plan to become professional media writers to benefit from the course. Prerequisite: FYC-101, EN-110, or EN-109.

EN-312   Literature of Revenge (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits; H,SW-ER) Students will examine the various functions revenge plays in human culture while tracing its role as a literary device from the bloodbaths of Greek tragedies to the psychological retaliation of contemporary works. Studying historical and cultural influences that have shaped notions of revenge over centuries, students will contemplate the complicated distinctions humans make between perceptions of retribution and justice. Prereq: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

EN-313   Firing the Canon (Spring; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,WK-HT) When talking about the canon in literature, we are usually gesturing towards the classics-works of art that have stood the test of time as culturally significant. How did those books become classic in the first place? We will study the histories of canon formation before debating what works to include in a self-designed literary anthology. Prerequisite: FYC-101.

EN-315   Technical Writing (Spring; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,CW,SW-ER) Writing focuses on various document designs and ways to present those designs in expressions appropriate to audience and purpose. Ethical discussion focuses on quality control, accuracy, and various forms of bias. Prerequisites: FYC-101 and sophomore, junior or senior standing.

EN-341   Shakespearean Drama (Spring; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H) Examines historical moments, cultural perspectives, and theatrical constructs that shaped the writing, acting, and reception of Shakespeare's comedies, tragedies, and history plays. Prerequisite: EN110 or EN109.

EN-372   Contemporary Poetry (Fall; Even Years; 3.00 Credits; CA,H) Contemporary poetry speaks to us right there and now, whether in a personal cry of emotion or in a piercing cultural commentary. This course studies representative poets from our own age, with emphasis on the social context of the times. Different poets are discussed each time the course is taught, but every year you'll actually get to meet one of them up close and personal, as part of our Pennsylvania Poet series. Prerequisite: EN110 or EN109.

EN-374   Ethical Game Design (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits; SW-ER,H,CW,CTDH) This course focuses on both the use of ethical principles to design games and the critical study of ethical games, which position players to make ethical decisions throughout the game. After learning about ethical principles through play and analysis, students design a text-based game where players make ethical choices shaping the narrative and experience of the game. Prerequisite: FYC-101

EN-376   Writing Across Media (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,CW,WK-CE,CTDH) Contemporary life asks us to be agile interpreters of images, texts, and sounds. In response, this course immerses students into the theory and practice of how and why we choose the media in which we communicate. Through an assignment sequence that includes text, webtext, image, sound, and video, students gain strength and versatility as writers by honing their awareness of genre, audience, and rhetorical situation. Pre-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109

EN-378   Video Production Writing (Fall; Odd Years; 4.00 Credits; H,CW,CTDH,WK-CE) Writing for Video Production is a course that combines contemporary rhetoric, creative inquiry, design thinking, media authorship, self-reflection, and social engagement. Students complete directed writing such as journal entries, scripts, storyboards, and shotlists in concert with video production, facilitating an integrated process of thinking, creating, and problem-solving. Take FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109

EN-379   Professional Editing (Fall; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,SW-LE) This course provides a broad understanding of editing and its role in document development, publication, and use. Students will learn to edit effectively on a range of editing tasks and documents and edit documents for a community partner project. These skills will prepare students for a variety of professional editing positions. Prerequisite: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

EN-385   Queer Literature (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits; CA,H) By applying queer theory frameworks to a variety of texts, we will examine literary representations of LGBTQ identity. Readings will include works by James Baldwin, John Rechy, Audre Lorde, Leslie Feinberg, Tony Kushner, and others. Topics will include: biological essentialism vs. the social construction of gender and sexual identity; authenticity and performance; social and legal forms of identity categorization and boundary maintenance; the role of literature in social reform; and more. Prerequisites: EN110 or EN109.

EN-388   Heroes and Villains (Fall; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H) Heroes-yay! Villains-hiss! All our lives we've learned to think in terms of good guys and bad guys. But why do we think in those categories? And what exactly do we mean by good guys and bad guys? And should we even be in the business of separating good guys from bad guys? This course will take a detailed look at heroes and villains in literature, movies, and television, and ask you to think about the whole duality, and what it means for the stories we tell. Prerequisites: EN110 or EN109.

EN-392   Crossing the Border (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,CW,SW-US) This class will examine the many meanings of " border crossing " in 20th- and 21st-century literature about immigration to the United States. Using critical race theory, this class will put works of fiction and autobiography in historical context to better investigate the influence of immigration law on U.S. national literature. Beginning with short texts from the turn of the twentieth century, we will focus primarily on contemporary works dealing with the post-1965 (or " new wave " ) immigrant experience. Topics will include: " American Dream " mythology, social mobility, generational conflict, acculturation and assimilation, hyphenated identity, nativism, barriers to full citizenship, and more. Pre-req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109

EN-399   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Offers special studies to meet the interests and demands of students. past examples include " Terry Pratchett " and " Renaissance Drama " . Note: Students may take each ST: course for credit.

EN-490   English Internship (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 2.00-9.00 Credits; H) English students may apply their acquired skills and knowledge in on-the-job internships of a semester during their junior or senior year for a total of 2-9 credit hours. Requires permission of the instructor and junior or senior standing. Corequisite: EN-495.

EN-493   English Research Seminar (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 2.00-3.00 Credits; H) This course is a seminar-style introduction to advanced research methodology in literature and linguistics for senior English POEs. Students will work simultaneously with the course instructor and a thesis advisor from within the English department to develop a thesis plan and to begin its execution. Prerequisites: EN120, EN122 and EN204; Senior standing; instructor permission only.

EN-495   Internship Seminar (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 2.00-6.00 Credits; H) In addition to the on-the-job experience provided by the internship, the student is required to complete academic research related to the placement. Requires permission of instructor and junior or senior standing. Corequisite: EN-490.

EN-496   Senior Research Capstone (Either Semester; All Years; 2.00-4.00 Credits; H) This course serves as a capstone experience in English that culminates in a substantial written thesis. The individual research project is conducted under the guidance of an English department faculty member. When completed, the thesis is presented in a public forum such as Liberal Arts Symposium, an oral defense, or a conference. Prerequisites: EN120, EN122, EN204 and EN493; Senior standing.

EN-499   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows department to offer subjects not normally taught. Requisites vary by title.

Environmental Science and Studies

ESS-100   Environmental Systems I (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; N,WK-SP,CTGIS) This course introduces students to the concept of systems, reviews ecological systems, and then goes on to human systems as these impact the environment. The course will explore the two forces that are at the core of most environmental impacts (climate change, ozone depletion, air and water pollution, and a loss of biodiversity) will be explored as will the fundamental attributes of agriculture, food, soil, and water. Throughout, the influence of culture, society, ethics, and science on the environmental problems will be discussed. Pre-Req or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109

ESS-110   Environmental Systems II (Variable; All Years; 3.00 Credits; N,SW-LE) This course introduces students to the concepts of environmental systems and sustainability, review of ecological systems, and human impact on the environment. Students will work on a restoration/conservation project with a community partner to improve soil/water resource quality in the community. Students will be introduced to scientific writing and write a scientific paper. Pre-req or co-req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109. (NOTE: ESS-100 is not a prereq for ESS-110.)

ESS-118   Global Justice Film (Variable; Yearly; 1.00 Credit) Through the medium of film, this one-credit course showcases environmental and sustainability issues within a global context. The themes and documentaries presented in the course will focus on intersecting elements of the environment, culture, access, class, gender, sustainability, and innovation. Based on the documentaries and discussion in the course, opportunities to engage in local sustainable measures will be possible.

ESS-119   Environmental Film (Variable; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; F) This course explores classic and current environmental and nature films and documentaries as both art and information. Students will watch and discuss 10 films.

ESS-121   Environmental Film Lab (Variable; Yearly; 2.00 Credits; F) Create a short nature or environmental film. The course will cover filming, sound interviewing experts, and post-production. Students will use Adobe Premier and Audition.

ESS-145   Applied Underwater Techniques (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit) This course will provide participants with the necessary knowledge and skills to conduct themselves with competence while using self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) and basic techniques in snorkeling. The course will include the Open Water Diver Training and certification from PADI. We will become more familiar with both SCUBA and snorkeling equipment in several required pool session. These skills will be used for and underwater data collection. Participation is not a guarantee of certification. Certification will require two open dives included in the course.

ESS-199   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows departments to offer topics not normally scheduled. Prerequisites, corequisites, and fees vary by title.

ESS-206   Global Environmental Issues (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; N,WK-SI) Global Environmental Issues is a global public health course. Environmental problems create some of the most pressing public health issues of our time. This course seeks to train the participants to identify the public health challenges created by environmental problems in various parts of the world and exploring practical solutions for those problems.

ESS-212   Kenyan Cultures & Natural Resources I (Spring; Variable; 2.00 Credits; SW-GE) This short-term study abroad course series provides an interdisciplinary and intercultural introduction to Kenya though a wide range of experiences. Kenya is a diverse country with many different ecosystems, languages, and cultural traditions, making it a dynamic and vibrant place. Apart from visiting national parks, the students will examine wildlife management as a tool to build economic resilience in communities. NOTE: This is a two-course sequence that includes a predeparture course (ESS-212) on campus in spring semester and a two-week travel course in summer term (ESS-213). The total fee for the experience is split between the two courses. Pre- or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

ESS-213   Kenyan Cultures and Natural Resources II (Summer; Variable; 2.00 Credits; SW-GE) This short-term study abroad course series provides an interdisciplinary and intercultural introduction to Kenya though a wide range of experiences. Kenya is a diverse country with many different ecosystems, languages, and cultural traditions, making it a dynamic and vibrant place. Apart from visiting national parks, the students will examine wildlife management as a tool to build economic resilience in communities. NOTE: This is a two-course sequence that includes a predeparture course (ESS-212) on campus in spring semester and a two-week travel course in summer term (ESS-213). The total fee for the experience is split between the two courses. Pre-Req: ESS-212.

ESS-219   Agroecology (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; N) This course will explore alternate production systems in agriculture as ecological systems.

ESS-224   Wildlife Mgmt (Spring; Variable; 3.00 Credits; N) Wildlife management incorporates the science and management of wild animals, both rare and common species. Threatened species may require particular knowledge of population structure and processes for effective management, while common species may need control or might be exploited as novel production products. Prerequisites: ESS-100 or BI-101 or BI-105.

ESS-225   Wildlife Management Techniques (Variable; Yearly; 2.00 Credits; N) Course will provide students with knowledge of common field research techniques employed by wildlife biologists.

ESS-230   Environmetrics (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N,QS,CTGES,CTGIS) This course is a survey of the various visual, statistical, and modeling approaches commonly used in the analysis of environmental data. The course covers: (1) visual literacy from exploratory data inquisition to poster creation; (2) elementary group comparisons such as t-test and ANOVA and their non-parametric analogs;(3) basic systems modeling; and (4) regression modeling techniques based on the generalized linear model framework.

ESS-235   Environmental Reading (Variable; Variable; 1.00 Credit; N,CW) This class will explore 2-3 classic and/or modern works in environmental studies and natural history. The writers list includes: Aldo Leopold, Annie Dillard, Dan Dagett, Saul Alinski, Wangari Maathai, Gifford Pinchot, Bill McKibben, Mary Kingsley, Ian McHarg, Wendel Berry, Andrew Lytle, Ester Boserup, Roderick Nash, Vandana Shiva, Rose Reuter, Barry Lopez, Bernd Heinrich and others.

ESS-261   Marine Biology I (Fall; Variable; 3.00 Credits; N) This course takes a biological, physiological, and ecological approach to studying life in the oceans. We start with a basic review of the ocean. We will then provide an overview of the oceans as the course has a global focus. We then take a biological tour up the food chain.

ESS-265   Food Fermentation (Variable; Variable; 1.00 Credit; N) Salt, pH, bacteria, fungi, heat, and evaporation have been used by cultures around the work to preserve and enhance food. We will explore these processes by reading about the processes and then producing some of the simpler products from these traditions including jerky (drying and salting), cheese (bacterial and enzymatic fermentation), artisanal bread (fungal and bacterial fermentation), kimchi (bacterial fermentation), kombucha (Fungal and Bacterial fermentation), essential oils (evaporation and precipitation), and fermented but non-alcoholic ciders (fungal fermentation and pH reduction).

ESS-297   Fire Ecology & Management (Variable; Variable; 2.00 Credits) This course provides students with an understanding of wildland fire fighting and controlled burns as tools for forest management. The successful student will have satisfied the minimum training requirements to participate in controlled burns and fight wildland fires.

ESS-298   Animal Care, Training , and Education (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits; N) The Animal Care, Training, and Education course covers all aspects of operating an educational wildlife center. Topics include permitting, housing, husbandry, training, and conservation outreach with native wildlife. The course will provide the scientific foundations of animal husbandry, behavioral science, and educational methodology. A strong hands-on component, utilizing Shaver's Creek Environmental Center's Animal Care Facilities, provides students with an immersive experience to develop these skills under the guidance of the centers' staff. Select field sessions will enhance conservation connections to Shaver's Creek's live animal exhibits.

ESS-299   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits; N) Allows the departments to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites, corequisites, and fees vary by title.

ESS-301   Environmental Methods (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N) This course deals with a variety of environmental issues and problems. This includes the causes and the scientific and social backgrounds needed to understand them. It also introduces the student to the roles of scientists and engineers in dealing with them. The course involves both quantitative and qualitative assessments. Prerequisites: ESS100 and 1 year of chemistry or permission of the instructor.

ESS-305   Environmental Economics (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) This course will cover the basics of microeconomic analysis as it applies to the environmental decision making and environmental policy with respect to pollution abetment, resource harvesting, and sustainability analysis. The course will also explore the strengths and weaknesses of economic models of human behavior. Finally, the course explores the growing concern of sustainable and resilient economies. Prerequisites: Sophomore standing or permission of the instructor.

ESS-309   Econometrics (Spring; Yearly; 2.00 Credits; N,Q) A first course in econometrics with forays into regression, optimization, and modeling. Prerequisites: Introductory economics course.

ESS-310   Water Resources I (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; QM,N) This course provides the student with a working overview of the hydrologic cycle, providing the student with the basic concepts of all aspects of hydrology. Particular emphasis is placed on the integrative nature of ecosystems within the watershed, including the interdependencies and driving forces of energy, the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, and the land, and the biosphere. Prerequisites: ESS100.

ESS-315   Environmental Chemistry (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits) Environmental Chemistry is an application of chemical principles to the study of the environment. It includes natural processes and pollution problems related to air, water, and soil.

ESS-320   Environmental Monitoring (Spring; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; N) This course develops skills in monitoring the environment, with a strong focus on water quality monitoring (both chemical and biological) in a variety of habitats. Environmental site assessment will also be conducted. A weekend-long field trip is required. Prerequisite: ESS100 and ESS200 or permission.

ESS-323   Aquatic Ecology (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits; N) A study of the physical, chemical, and biological aspects of streams, rivers, ponds, and lakes. Emphasis on the role of water chemistry, pollution, and biotic interactions on the distribution of aquatic life. Laboratory includes field sampling and identification of aquatic organisms.

ESS-324   Natural Resource Management (Either Semester; Variable; 3.00 Credits; N) This course provides a comprehensive coverage of local, regional, national, and global resource and environmental issues from population growth to wetlands to sustainable agriculture and natural resource policies and legislation. It considers renewable and non-renewable resources such as water, land, soil, air, wildlife, and their associated habitats. Prerequisites: ESS-100 and either BI-101 or BI-105.

ESS-325   Conservation Biology (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S,N) Conservation Biology encompasses biology, politics, ethics, economics and anthropology. The major course objective is the exploration of conservation complexities--important for successfulconservation efforts. Other objectives are to gain an understanding of extinction, community conservation, population genetics and demography. This course has a required weekend field trip with a fee added for the trip. Prerequisites: ESS-100 or BI-101 or BI-105.

ESS-328   Limnology (Fall; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; N) An ecology/environmental science course covering inland aquatic environments (lakes and streams). A balanced study of both physical-chemical and biological aspects, it is an appropriate upper-level addition to a variety of POEs in natural sciences. Pre-Reqs: ESS-100 and either BI-101 or BI-105.

ESS-330   Geographical Information Systems (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; CTGIS) This course is an introduction to a Geographical Information System (GIS), and the course objective is that students gain a basic, partial understanding of GIS concepts, technical issues, and applications using Arc View GIS. It encourages thinking in spatial context. A diverse array of hands-on computer applications and projects are used to understand how geographical data can be analyzed spatially. Students explore analysis techniques in a problem basis learning approach using small team projects. Note: A special course fee is assessed. Prerequisite: ESS100.

ESS-335   Quantitative Ecology (Spring; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; QS) The goal of the course is to advance student understanding of a broad range of numerical and graphical techniques used to analyze complex data sets encountered in the environmental sciences. Students will learn the context to properly apply these techniques to address research questions. The purview is ecological, but is applicable to all other quantitative endeavors. The course emphasizes conceptual understanding, relevant applications, and proper interpretation rather than gory, though interesting, statistical theory. Students will apply the R language and environment for statistical computing to tailor analyses to specific circumstances. Pre-reqs: ESS-110 and ESS 230.

ESS-337   Environmental Law (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S,CTGIS) This course will examine the major environmental laws in the United States and major Supreme Court cases covering these statutes. The status covered will be National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), The Clean Water Act (CWA), Clean Air Act (CAA), Endangered Species Act (ESA), Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), Toxic Substances Control Act (TOSCA), Forest Land Policy and Management Act (FLPMA), Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), and the Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act (SARA). Prerequisites: ESS-100 or PS-110. Must also have sophomore standing or above.

ESS-340   Forestry (Fall; Variable; 3.00 Credits; N,CTGIS) This course provides a comprehensive survey of the discipline of forestry and forest ecology with special emphasis on tree identification, timber mensuration, and forest management issues in central Pennsylvania. Prerequisites: ESS100.

ESS-345   Ichthyology (Spring; Variable; 4.00 Credits; N,QS,CTGIS) This course provides an in-depth and active hands-on study of fishes within an evolutionary framework. Lecture explores fish ecology, evolution, diversity, systematics, zoogeography, and conservation. Laboratory focuses on fish classification, fish biology and morphology, and skills needed to identify fishes of the central Appalachians. Prerequisites: BI-101 or BI-105.

ESS-346   Freshwater Invertebrates (Spring; Even Years; 4.00 Credits; N,QS) This course provides an applied experience studying aquatic invertebrates that occupy freshwater ecosystems of North America. Lecture focuses on invertebrate ecology, sampling, monitoring, and analysis strategies for bioassessment, conservation, and description of taxa. Laboratory focuses on taxonomy, classification, and identification of families of invertebrates of the local central Appalachians. Prerequisites: BI-101 or BI-105 and junior standing.

ESS-350   Field Research Methods (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N,CTGIS) Field Methodologies is intended for students interested in gaining experience in conducting filed based ecological or environmental research. Students will be lead through the process of investigation, including the generation of research questions, research planning and design, analysis of data, and presentation methods, while giving them the opportunity to conduct independent projects. This is not a techniques/equipment training course; it will fulfill the independent study requirement of the ESS POE. This course will be particularly useful to students considering a field based senior research project. A course in statistics or ecology is highly recommended. Prerequisites: ESS100.

ESS-352   Restoration Ecology (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits; N) This course provides an overview of how ecological knowledge can be used to guide the recovery or restoration of degraded ecosystems. Although many restoration projects are constrained logistically (money, people power, statutes, etc.), we focus largely on ecological processes, biological and landscape constraints, and what the science of ecology can bring to the field of ecological restoration.

ESS-355   Ornithology (Summer; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N) This course provides a comprehensive survey of the comparative biology, ecology, and behavior of birds with a special focus on issues pertaining to conservation management. Laboratory activities focus on field identification of birds and research and monitoring techniques. Prerequisite: BI-101 or BI-105.

ESS-361   Field Methods in Marine Systems (Spring; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; N,Q) Taught in India. This is the methods portion of the course including field techniques, quantitative methods, and a scientific writing seminar. The student requirements will be a short paper, four section quizzes and a final exam Prerequisites: GL111 and ESS100. Permission of instructor required.

ESS-362   Island Ecosystems (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N) Taught in India. This course will introduce the students to island ecosystems from both applied and theoretical viewpoint. The course will run in the Andaman Islands in India. The topics covered will include island fauna, island flora, reef ecosystems, and a ridge to reef view of these complex biotas. Prerequisites: GL111 and ESS100.

ESS-363   Upland Process and Estuaries (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N) Taught in India. This course will introduce students to estuaries and upland processes. About 50% of the course will be on site with the discussion and activities intended to give a very close view of the processes, ecology, and issues in coastal watersheds and estuaries. Prerequisites: GL111 and ESS100 and permission of instructor.

ESS-364   Culture, Class and Gender (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; CA,S,I,CW) Taught in India. This course will cover issues of gender and other disadvantaged groups in coastal management. Fishing villages are often composed of people who are ethnically, religiously, or class-wise distinct from upland populations. Women also have culturally distinct roles in the harvesting, production, and processing of natural resources. Prerequisites: ESS100 and permission of the instructor and the Center for International Education. A trip fee is applied.

ESS-365   Sustainable Development (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; I,N,SW-ER) This course explores the cultural, ethical, ecological and engineering complexities of sustainable development. Water, agriculture, and wildlife conservation will play a central role in the topics. Distributive justice will play a central role in the ethical considerations. The material will focus on comparison between locally sustainability effort and those of our partners in India, Nepal, Ecuador, Virginia, and Pennsylvania. Pre- or co-requisite: FYC-101.

ESS-366   Sustainable Develop Practicum (Variable; Variable; 1.00 Credit; SW-ER) This course is the practicum component of the Sustainable Development series that explores the cultural, ethical, ecological and engineering complexities of sustainable development. The course includes preparatory meetings in the preceding semester and 16 days in Nepal and India. NOTE: ESS-366 is the second course in a two-course series, with students earning 2 credits in the fall or spring semester for the predeparture course and 1 credit in the summer or winter term for the trip to India and Nepal. The total fee for the experience is split between the two courses in the series. (While this course series includes a study abroad component, please note that it counts towards the Ethical Responsibility requirement, not the Global Engagement requirement.) Prerequisite: ESS-365.

ESS-377   GIS Advanced Topic (Fall; Variable; 4.00 Credits; N,QS) This course explores spatial decision support systems, hot spot modeling for home range, disease and crime, intermediate image analysis, habitat classification from multispectral and hyperspectral imagery. Prerequisites: ESS310 or ESS330 or permission of the instructor.

ESS-380   Sense of Place Seminar (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; CA,CW) Taught at Raystown Field Station. This is the " cornerstone " of the Sense of Place semester, managed by one faculty, but comprised of a series of modules taught by various faculty and guest speakers. Module topics cover a range of environmental, ecological, and societal issues connecting to the region. Students will be expected to journal their experiences at RFS as well as complete other writing assignments. Note: There is a course fee assessed. Prerequisites: ESS100 or permission of the instructor.

ESS-399   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Topics vary from year to year. They will focus one or more special environmental skills, methods, approaches or technologies. A laboratory fee will be assessed.

ESS-399L   Special Topics Lab (1.00 Credit)

ESS-400   Senior Capstone I (Fall; Yearly; 1.00-3.00 Credits; S,CTGIS) The Senior Capstone course is intended to provide a real-world, project-based experience working on an advanced-level project. The student teams utilize skills they have acquired in their academic career to evaluate and provide potential solutions to realistic environmental tasks. The project will be chosen each semester based on needs and opportunities in local agencies to provide an advanced project that can be done in one semester. Prerequisite: Senior standing or permission of the instructor.

ESS-401   Senior Capstone II (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N,S,CTGIS) This course is the spring semester Senior Capstone option. It is intended to provide a real-world, project-based experience working on an advanced-level project. The student teams utilize skills they have acquired in their academic career to evaluate and provide potential solutions to realistic environmental tasks. The project will be chosen each year based on needs and opportunities in local agencies to provide an advanced project that can be done in one year. Prerequisite: ESS-100 and Senior standing or instructor permission.

ESS-410   Water Resources II (Spring; Odd Years; 3.00 Credits; QS,N,CTGIS) This is an advanced hydrology course aimed at furthering the students understanding of the complex interactions of the hydrologic cycle. Particular emphasis will be placed on mathematically modeling the process including precipitation, runoff, infiltration, soil moisture and stream flow. Prerequisites: ESS310 and MA130

ESS-415   Fate & Transport of Pollutants (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits) The course is designed to provide an understanding of the physical, chemical, and biological processes that govern the distribution of contaminants through the environment, as well as the processes that are involved in the transformation or degradation of a contaminant. Knowledge of these processes is essential for designing pollution prevention, control, monitoring, and remediation strategies, and for risk assessment. We will cover the distribution of pollutants in air, water, soil, and biological tissues, with particular emphasis on toxic organic pollutants.

ESS-445   Fishery Science & Management (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits; H,N,QS) This course is a survey of the elements of fisheries science and management including the biology, ecology, management, and conservation of fisheries and aquatic resources. Emphasis is on whole ecosystem approaches to ecology and management of inland freshwater fisheries of North America and associated habitats. Prerequisites: BI-101 or BI-105.

ESS-450   Environmental Research (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00-6.00 Credits; S) An independent research experience that includes the preparation of a research proposal. Students present research results during weekly meetings with instructor. A research paper is the end point of the research experience. Presentation of results at national meetings is encouraged. May be repeated for up to 15 credits. Prerequisite: ESS100 and ESS300 and permission of the instructor.

ESS-460   Coastal Zone Management (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) Taught in India. This course will cover the current legal status, international treaties, state and central government coastal zone management regulations, and the history and current status of conflict and the attempts to overcome that conflict in India. This includes shrimp farming, over fishing, pollution, shipping, oil spills changes in beach morphology and coastal topography from weirs dams, etc. Prerequisites: GL111 and ESS100.

ESS-490   Environmental Science and Studies Internship (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 2.00-9.00 Credits; N) Note: May be repeated up to a total of 9 hours of credit. Prerequisite: Permission and Jr. or Sr. Standing. Corequisite: ESS495.

ESS-495   ESS Research Seminar (Either Semester; Yearly; 2.00-6.00 Credits; N) Requires students to reflect on experience and/or pursue relevant research. Corequisite: ESS490. Prerequisite: Permission and Jr. Sr. standing.

ESS-499   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the departments to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by title.

ESS-TUT   ESS Teaching Assistant (Variable; Variable; 1.00-3.00 Credits; N)

Geology

GL-100   Intro to Physical Geology (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N) An introduction to the principles and methods of geology. Emphasis is placed on the geologic forces at work in our physical environment. Topics covered include internal processes such as volcanism, earthquakes, mountain building and the flow of groundwater as well as external processes such as landslides, flooding, erosion and landscape formation. Emphasis is given to the interaction of human activities with these physical processes as well as the processes themselves.

GL-100A   Environmental Geology (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N) Student perceptions of what constitutes geology have shifted. Contemporary students need to be made aware that geology IS the study of the physical environment of the earth and that a central part of what geologists do entails an exploration of how humans and the built environment both affect and are affected by the earth's physical/environmental system. While our previous title and description for this course, Introduction to Physical Geology, carried these implicit understandings, we find it important now to draw students' attention explicitly to the environmental character of our study of Earth.

GL-101   Physical Geology Lab (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; N) This course provides opportunities to study geology in the laboratory and field. Concepts and methods covered in the lecture are reinforced. Specifically covered are mineral and rock identification, map interpretation and study of examples of earth processes from maps and in the field. Some field trips are required and a special fee is assessed. Corequisite or Prerequisite: GL100A.

GL-105   World Regional Geography (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; N,I) A survey of the world's major cultural realms. Included are geographic setting, resources, environmental restrictions, historical and cultural traditions, industrial and agricultural development, economic base and trends, population distribution and political subdivisions.

GL-111   Oceanography (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N) A survey of the physical, chemical, biological and geological environments of the ocean. Included are sea floor topography, composition and circulation of sea water and the life existing in the oceanic environments. Field experience is offered and a special fee is assessed.

GL-114   Catastrophe (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N,WK-SP) This Scientific Process course explores the geological processes and hazards that lead to large and destructive natural disasters. Students will explore and work with interdisciplinary scientific data to understand the importance and societal relevance of earth processes in everyday decision making. Pre-req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

GL-123   Expedition: Earth (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) This course explores the full range of geologic studies through weekly meetings in the spring semester to prepare for a two to three-week field expedition in May-June. The field trip is supported by the Geology Alumni Field Trip fund. Each year, the class will travel to a different region in the US or internationally.

GL-126   Environmental Geochemistry (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; N) This course will introduce fundamental geologic process through a geochemical lens. Basic geochemical reactions involving water-rock interactions at both high and low temperatures will be considered. The class will focus on the environmental problems in atmosphere and continents.

GL-130   Introduction to Soils (Fall; Variable; 4.00 Credits; N) Introduction to Soils is an experience-driven overview of the most important distinctions among soils and to the factors that contribute to agricultural productivity of soils. Through in-class activities students will learn to be observers of soil characteristics, and will come to understand soil as the interface between the worlds of rocks, plant and animal life, the water cycle and the atmosphere. Attention will be drawn to natural and disturbed soils, and soils' role in global health. No prerequisites.

GL-172   Geology of National Parks (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N,WK-SP) A Scientific Process course that explores geological processes that formed the landscape of the United States through the lens of our national parks. Students will learn how to read, use, interpret, and collect earth science data to approach scientific problems and public policy decisions. Field trip to National Park required unless course is taken online; special fee assessed for field trip. PRE-REQ: FYC 101.

GL-199   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) An examination of an area not regularly studied in the departmental offerings. Examples have been Geomorphology, Petroleum Geology, and Case Studies in Environmental Geology. Note: abbreviate ST: (title) students may take each ST: Course for credit.

GL-204   History of Earth (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; N,WK-SP) This course examines the history of the planet Earth since its origin to the present day and the methods that geologists use to uncover that history. The course includes specific consideration of the social context of geosciences, and ways that art and science have contributed to human understanding of Earth. Pre-req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109

GL-210   Minerals (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; N,WK-SP) This course explores the building blocks of the Earth: minerals. Students will master mineral identification in hand-specimen and by optical microscope methods to conduct scientific inquiry. Emphasis is placed on mineral classification, crystal structure, chemical composition, physical properties, and stability. We also investigate the role of minerals in society and public policy. A lab fee is assessed. Pre-req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

GL-213   Minerals, Economics, Politics and Law (Either Semester; Odd Years; 3.00 Credits; I) Introduces mineral deposits and examines the distribution and exploitation. Explores historical patterns in mineral resource utilization and considers the extractive industries in the context of economic patterns and government policies. Emphasizes the potential for conflict resulting from the uneven distribution and exploitation of mineral wealth. Note: some field trips are required. (A Peace and Conflict Studies course.) Note: this course does not fulfill the distribution requirement in science.

GL-215   Energy, Minerals & Society (Fall; Variable; 3.00 Credits; N) Twenty-first century societies run on the twin nutrients of abundant energy and the mineral resources needed to fashion technological devices. While both energy and mineral commodities are subject to wildly oscillating demand as economies alternately flourish and falter, the global demand for all such commodities has shown inexorable growth since the onset of the industrial era. Globalization has increased this rate of growth. But, extraction and use of resources invariably alters landscapes and releases pollutants into the environment. How adequate are supplies? How can they be used with minimal adverse impact? To what extent can impacts be managed by use of alternative energies, by recycling, by conservation? These topics are the focus of this course.

GL-240   Geological Field Methods I (Fall; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; N,CW,CTGIS) This course is an introduction to the geology of the Appalachians through teaching geologic methods in the field. The course will focus on developing field practice and using the information collected in the field to construct a scientific document. The course is composed of 8 local field trips and 1 extended field trip as well as many classroom exercises.

GL-299   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) An examination of an area not regularly studied in the departmental offerings. Examples have been Geomorphology, Petroleum Geology, and Case Studies in Environmental Geology. Note: abbreviate ST: (title). Students may take each ST: course for credit.

GL-300   Petrography (Fall; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; N) The petrographic examination of rocks in hand specimen and under the microscope. Identification of the principal types of igneous and metamorphic rocks and discussion of their chemical and mineralogical characteristics and tectonic setting is emphasized. Note: one laboratory per week, one or two major field trips are required, and a special fee is assessed. Prerequisite: GL210.

GL-304   Paleobiology of Invertebrates (Fall; Variable; 4.00 Credits; N) Basic principles of paleontology and functional morphology of extant and extinct invertebrates are covered. These include identifying fossils and understanding their morphology and preservation in order to interpret ancient environments. Note: One laboratory per week and field trips are required and a special fee is assessed.

GL-305   Hydrogeology (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; N) The study of the natural occurrence of water. Topics include: the hydrologic cycle, precipitation, stream flow, soil moisture, ground water occurrence, aquifer flow and testing chemical characteristics, contamination, development and management of ground-water resources.

GL-307   Geophysics (Fall; Even Years; 3.00 Credits; N) This course is an introduction to how geophysical data can be used to address academic and applied problems in geology. Emphasis is placed on the concepts behind acquiring geophysical data and use of the information for interpretation. Seismology, magnetism, heat and gravity are the main concepts covered. Prerequisites: GL202. MA130 may be taken as prerequisite or corequisite. There are two field trips run over the weekend where students get to use the equipment in the field and reduce the data. A special fee is assessed.

GL-310   Structural Geology (Fall; Even Years; 4.00 Credits; N) The study of the deformation of the earth's crust. Field relationships, form, symmetry, and geometry of earth structures are stressed. Concepts of kinematic and dynamic analysis are presented so students are better prepared to interpret the origin of earth structures. Prerequisite: GL-100A or GL-204 or GL-240.

GL-325   Intro to Soil Science (Spring; Variable; 4.00 Credits; N) Introduction to Soil Science is a comprehensive overview of soils, their characteristics, their origins, their importance to agriculture, construction and waste disposal, and of the factors that contribute to maintenance of soil quality or to its degradation in use. Theoretical concepts will be supported by laboratory and field study of soils, soil forming processes, and soil-water-rock-biotic interactions; training will be provided in techniques of field sampling and characterization of soils. A special lab fee is assessed. Prerequisites: GL100 & GL101 & CH105.

GL-350   Geol. Research Methodologies (Spring; Yearly; 2.00 Credits) Aims to elucidate the science research process and the science infrastructure to the student. The course introduces students to research practice, analysis and writing. The course also requires students to prepare a research proposal. Students will also discuss more theoretical aspects of research: epistemology, the scientific method, multiple working hypotheses, erecting and testing hypotheses, and the scientific infrastructure. This course is designed for junior level geology students.Prerequisites: Permission of the instructor.

GL-389   Geology Professional Seminar (Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit) Provides guidance and preparation to Junior class level Geology students in relation to their post-Juniata plans. Topics include resume writing, strategies involved in a job or graduate school search, preparation for credentialing exams, preparation for interviews, and networking. Prerequisite: Junior or Senior standing.

GL-399   Special Topics (Either Semester; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) An examination of an area not regularly studied in the departmental offerings. Examples have been Geomorphology, Petroleum Geology, and Case Studies in Environmental Geology. Note: abbreviate ST:(title). Students may take each ST: course for credit.

GL-400   Petrology of Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks (Spring; Even Years; 4.00 Credits; N) Analyzes the processes of magma generation and crystallization under equilibrium and disequilibrium conditions in the context of igneous phase equilibria and geologic setting. Considers the re-crystallization of pre-existing mineral assemblages in the metamorphic environments and examines metamorphic conditions by interpretation offacies assmeblages and petrogenetic grids. Note: one laboratory per week; a major field trip is required and a special fee is assessed. Prerequisite: GL 300.

GL-401   Sedimentology (Fall; Even Years; 4.00 Credits; N) Focuses on the origin of sediments and sedimentary rocks. Included are sedimentary processes, depositional environments, post-depositional influences and sedimentary rock classification. Principles and methods of study including petrographic analysis are emphasized. Note: one laboratory per week, field trips are required, including a weekend trip, and a special fee is assessed. Prerequisite: GL202.

GL-405   Principles of Stratigraphy (Either Semester; Odd Years; 4.00 Credits; CW,N) Includes the description of sedimentary rocks in the stratigraphic column, methods of correlation, interpretation of the origin of rock units and the historical and philosophical development of the geologic time scale. Note: one laboratory per week, field trips are required and a special fee is assessed. Prerequisite: GL-204.

GL-414   Geologic Research Method (Fall & Spring; Variable; 3.00 Credits) The course focuses on exploring geologic research method development, data collection and management, data interpretation and professional presentation of scientific information.

GL-440   Geological Field Methods II (Spring; Variable; 4.00 Credits; N) The course covers advanced geologic mapping of the Appalachians. It will focus on constructing geologic maps and cross-sections to develop an understanding of the rock record, geologic time, and the processes by which geologists reconstruct ancient tectonic and sedimentary events. The course is field based. Prerequisites: GL 240. Note: A special course fee will be applied.

GL-450   Geological Research (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00-6.00 Credits; N) The field or laboratory investigation of a specific geologic problem. Methodology and principles of interpretation are necessary for the successful completion of the course and a final report must be submitted. Student's specific research topic will be the title of the course on the student's transcript. May be completed multiple times for credit. Prerequisite: permission of Geology faculty member.

GL-490   Geology Internship (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 2.00-9.00 Credits; N) See the chapter, " Special Programs " under Internships. Prerequisite: Permission and Jr. or Sr. standing. Corequisite: GL495.

GL-495   Internship Research/Seminar (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00-6.00 Credits; N) Requires students to reflect on the internship experience and/or pursue research related to the placement. Corequisite: GL 490. Prerequisite: permission.

History

HS-104   Medieval Europe (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,I,WK-HT) This course will examine the history of Western Europe from the Roman Empire to approximately 1450. This 1000-year period was the setting for both large and small changes in the way people in Europe thought about themselves, governed each other, and lived everyday lives. During the course, we will follow a chronological timeline, but we will frequently stop, look, and enjoy the scenery. Pre- or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109. (Formerly titled: European History to 1550)

HS-115   United States to 1877 (Fall; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,SW-US) Concentrates on the broad sweep of U.S. history from colonial beginnings through Reconstruction using a variety of perspectives and sources. The ideas and realities of freedom shape nearly every part of our lives. How did this develop in the United States from its earliest European settlements to the aftermath of the Civil War? HS-115 focuses on this central theme of freedom - how people have defined and pursued it, as well as expanded and restricted it, in different places. You will also learn how to analyze primary sources (those created during the time period under study)and apply a historical perspective to issues that shape your life today. Pre- or co-requisite: FYC-101.

HS-116   The U.S. Since 1877 (Spring; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,SW-ER) This course uses original documents to explore major themes of US history since 1877, to examine the consequences of actions taken at the national and local level through a lens of ethical responsibility. Pre- or co-requisite: FYC-101.

HS-152   World History Since 1450 (4.00 Credits; H,I,SW-GE) This course will trace the development of world civilizations from the 16th century to the present. Pre- or co-requisite: FYC-101. (Previously titled: World Civilizations From 1500)

HS-199   Special Topics (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by title.

HS-200   The Great War (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits; I,H,CW,WK-HT) This class is a social, cultural, and political history of a global conflict that reshaped the twentieth century. Throughout the semester we will seek to understand what it was like for soldiers and civilians from many parts of the world to live thought this war. Pre- or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

HS-204   Australia/New Zealand (Either Semester; Variable; 4.00 Credits; I,H) This course is a comparative introduction to the history of New Zealand and Australia. We will begin the course by studying the indigenous people of the region: Australian Aborigines in Australia and Maoris in New Zealand, before moving to think about the arrival of white settlers. During the semester, we will pay particular attention to the process of colonization and dispossession, race and gender relations, the search for national identity, popular culture, and politics in the two countries.

HS-208   Engineering, Empire, and the Environment (Either Semester; Variable; 3.00 Credits; WK-HT) This course will challenge students to consider how engineering projects undertaken across the British empire shaped ecosystems on land, in the air, and on water. The class will also reflect on the social and health consequences to local populations and the legacy of imperial British engineering. Pre- or Co-Requisite: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109

HS-213   History of Ireland (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits; H,WK-HT) This course is an introduction to the history of Ireland, beginning with an overview of the early history. We will explore the Tudor revolutions, English colonialism, the question of identity in the island, Irish Republicanism. home rule movements, the partition of Ireland, and the " troubles " in the North of the island of Ireland. Pre-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109

HS-215   Rome: Republic to Empire (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits; H,WK-HT) People through history have imagined Rome in different ways, and it conjures up lots of different images for us: civilization; barbarism; conquest; freedom; slavery; technology; virtue and vice. In this course, we will explore the period between the founding of Roman civilization and the year 325 A.D., examining what the Romans thought and said about themselves and what they mean to us today.

HS-217   The Lowcountry and the Gullah Culture (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; H,CA,SW-US) The course examines the origins and development of the Gullah Geechee cultures of the Lowcountry. How did these members of the African diaspora develop a creole culture within the profound and brutal limitations of slavery, and how did they sustain it and change under Jim Crow and into the climate and development challenges of the present?

HS-222   Archives: Theory, Practice, and Use (2.00 Credits) This team-taught course provides an introduction to archives by covering their different types and purposes, archival practices, and the use of archives by researchers. The course will involve readings, discussion, hands-on experiences, and a field trip. This course also serves a crucial role in the orientation to, and skill development for, the larger Secondary Emphasis and certificate in Rural Poverty Studies.

HS-262   North American Environmental History (Spring; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H) Our troubling relationship with the natural world might well be the most important issue human societies will face in your lifetime. HS-262 examines one root of this relationship: how and why we have shaped, and been shaped by, different North American environments over time. Through discussion, lectures, readings, and films, we will examine the social, cultural, economic, and political spheres of these human activities since the fifteenth century.

HS-266   History of South Africa (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits; I,H) This course covers the history of South Africa from the 17th century to the present. We will focus our attention on specific themes, including imperialism, race and ethnicity, crime and punishment, resistance to apartheid, and the limits of forgiveness. The class will be taught inside SCI Smithfield. This Inside-Out Course is an opportunity for a group of students from Juniata College and an equal number of students from SCI Smithfield to learn together and to exchange ideas and perceptions about the history of South Africa. Bringing incarcerated and non-incarcerated students together for engaged and informed dialogue allows for transformative learning experiences that facilitates an exchange of ideas in a dialogic format. Instructor permission required for all students.

HS-268   Sword & Scimitar: Islam & West 500-1300 (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; SW-GE) When discussing culture in a historical context, we must be careful to avoid the stereotypes that may leap to mind. In the twenty-first-century United States, the mention of Islam or the Near East provokes stereotypes that are inaccurate and misleading. In this course, we will learn about the early history of Islam and its intersection with western Christianity and the society of the European Middle Ages. In doing so we will discover the similarities and differences between the cultures and learn (modern prejudices notwithstanding) how they depended on one another both culturally and economically.

HS-272   Natives & Colonists in Early N. America (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits; H,CW,SW-US) Love, hate, fear, confusion, respect, admiration, wonder: these are just some of the powerful feelings that infused the relationships between Native Americans and European colonists, and that shaped the history of North America from about 1500 to the eve of the American Revolution. Through extensive discussion, reading, writing, and a role-playing game, HS-272 will help you understand relationships that still affect American society today.

HS-277   History of Food (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H) This course will take a transnational view of the history of food from the Middle Ages to the twenty-first century. We will examine food as a part of human experience including its roles as sustenance, commodity, cultural artifact, signifier of identity, and art. While the early emphasis of the course will be on the Atlantic World and the global exchange of foods and cooking techniques, particular attention will be on the United States' regional cuisines and food movements. The course will use scholarly texts, films, field-trips and will require some cooking and tasting of food on some evenings. Prerequisites: Sophomore Standing. Note: There is a fee assessed on this course.

HS-280   Victorian Science, Sexuality & Medicine (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; WK-HT,H) This class is designed to be the entry-level course to the Medical Humanities Secondary Emphasis. This means it will interest pre-health students and is suitable for all first-year students. Over the course of the semester, we will investigate the changing meanings and entanglements of Victorian science and medical practice through the lens of class, gender, and race. We will examine ideas about the body and disease, the changing role of medicine, the importance of new technologies, and the social construction of scientific and medical knowledge. Pre- or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

HS-293   Sophomore Colloquium (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,CW) This colloquium exposes students to employment opportunities available to them through the study of history. It focuses upon the development of the skills necessary for success in the history classroom. The Sophomore Colloquium is designed for students with strong interest in history, including education students and students with secondary emphases in history. Pre-requisites: sophomore standing and two courses in History or permission of the instructor.

HS-299   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Offers supplements to the regular departmental program, exploring topics and areas not regularly scheduled. Note: Students may take each ST: course for credit.

HS-309   Civil War and Reconstruction (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits; H,CW,CTDH) Examines the political, social, military, economic and ideological origins and consequences of the Civil War and Reconstruction. The course looks deeply into several important questions. What caused the Civil War? Why was the Union victorious? Why did the war proceed as it did? What was the nature and legacy of reconstruction? What does this period in our history mean to us now? Prerequisites: HS115 or HS116 and SO, JR, or SR standing.

HS-312   The New South: 1877-1990 (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits; H) This seminar will cover the years 1877-1900 and explore the themes on the cultural, political, economic and social history of the U.S. South. Among the important questions covered in the class are: What is the South? How did the South change through significant events such as the Populist movement, the rise of Jim Crow, the Great Depression, the second World War, economic development, and the Civil Rights movement. We will ask how the South's arts, especially music, reflect its history and culture. Prerequisites: HS116 or permission of the instructor.

HS-313   Disease, Medicine, and Empire (Either Semester; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; CA,I,H,SW-GE,CTGES) What can the study of the history of medicine tell us about the nature of rule and the politics of race in European empires? How did medical theories of disease and healing shape ideas about colonial enrivonments, populations, bodies, and racial differences in the imaginations of European colonizers? How did medicine and science function as tools of colonial domination and as part of broader " civilizing " projects, and what were the limits of such efforts at social control? Can the study of medical reforms and everyday life shed light on how colonial subjects conceptualized, challenged, and defined their own positions in the social order? Prerequisite: FYC-101.

HS-314   Medieval Medicine (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,CW,SW-GE,CTGES) Despite our popular understanding of the European middle ages as a dirty, disease-ridden, hopelessly backward period, the sources show us quite a different picture. Although a lack of understanding of the means of genetic change and the cause of viral and bacterial disease caused medieval people to understand the human body very differently than we do, that system was not without its logic and efficacy. This course will explore the human body and its diseases in the middle ages through a series of connected readings that introduce the body as a conceptual system and medieval science's attempts to understand it. We will then look at the growing field of genomic research as a way of understanding and comparing our modern systems of understanding the body. Prerequisite: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

HS-317   Medicine in World War I (Yearly; 4.00 Credits; SW-ER) The class will explore the challenges faced by medical professionals during the First World War by looking at the medical innovations that emerged over the course of the war; the impact of violence, disease, and dislocation on civilian populations; and the enduring changes in medical practices following the war. Prerequisite: FYC-101.

HS-319   Glorious Cause: Amer. Revolutionary Era (Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H) At the start of the War of Independence, General George Washington called the defense of American liberties the " glorious cause. " This course examines central questions such as: What caused the American Revolution? How did the United States win the War of Independence? What resulted from the American Revolution? Pre-requisite: Any one history or art history course.

HS-320   Interpreting Terrorism (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; SW-ER) You have grown up in a world shaped by terrorism. How did this happen? What is terrorism, how has it developed, and how have people responded to it? In this course, we will analyze (interpret) terrorism from different directions: its many definitions, its general history beginning with the French Revolution, and the many ways in which people have responded to it. You will also dive into specific topics and present (interpret) your research for a non-academic audience. It is important for us historians to communicate effectively. If we can broaden and deepen the public's understanding of, and appreciation for, the past, we enrich our society. You will learn how to convey your knowledge in a way that the public will find accessible, and even enjoyable or exciting. Course requirements include a field trip. Prerequisite: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

HS-322   Women in Medieval Life (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits; H,CW,WK-HT) What did women do in the Middle Ages? What was it like to be a nun? Was anyone really a witch? By reading medieval women's own accounts and the accounts of people who knew (or claimed to know) them, we can learn a great deal. In this course we will look at various aspects of women's lives during the Middle Ages and try to answer as many questions as we can. While we're at it, we will have to examine medieval ideas of what it meant to be a man - ideas that, much of the time, were conceptualized as the opposites of ideas about women. The course is topical instead of chronological and is organized around themes and ideas. (Formerly titled: Women's Lives-Med Europe)

HS-325   The U.S. Since 1945 (Either Semester; Variable; 4.00 Credits; H) Covers the social, political and economic history since the Second World War. Themes include: the Cold War, suburbanization, the rise of consumer society, and more. Prerequisite: HS116.

HS-367   Women in Africa (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits; CA,H,I,CTDH) This course will provide students with an understanding of women in sub-Saharan African cultures, their history, traditions, diversity, resilience and adaptability. To do this we will be looking at social structure, kinship networks, economic systems, gender relations, ethnicity and ethnic conflicts, traditional religion, the HIV/AIDS epidemic and other health issues.

HS-399   Special Topics (Either Semester; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Provides supplements to the regular departmental program, exploring topics and areas not regularly scheduled. Note: Students may take each ST: course for credit.

HS-490   History Internship (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 2.00-9.00 Credits; H) Prerequisite: Instructor permission and Junior or Senior standing. Co-requisite: HS-495.

HS-492   Sr History Research/Seminar I (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; H) Serves as a capstone experience that synthesizes materials from history and other disciplines into a substantial written thesis. The senior seminar can be done as an independent study or in conjunction with an internship. When completed the thesis is presented at a public oral defense. Prerequisite: Completion of all core courses and/or permission of instructor.

HS-493   The Historian's Craft (Fall; Variable; 1.00 Credit; H,CW) This course is a seminar-style introduction to historiography and a forum in which senior history students complete part or all of their senior thesis. Students taking the course are expected to work simultaneously with the course instructor, as well as a thesis advisor from within the history department. Students may select a member of the faculty outside the department as a secondary advisor if that complements their thesis topic. Students who elect to write a year-long thesis take HS496 in the Spring semester after taking HS493. Students from other departments who take the course will be expected to complete a paper of comparable length to a senior thesis under the supervision of the course instructor. Prerequisites: One 300 level history course and Senior status.

HS-495   History Internship Seminar (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 2.00-6.00 Credits; H) Requires students to reflect on the internship experience and/or pursue relevant research. Instructor permission required. Corequisite: HS-490.

HS-496   Senior History Research/Seminar II (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; H) If a student needs to work further on the senior thesis, this will allow three further hours of study. Prerequisites: HS493 and Senior standing.

HS-499   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows departments to offer topics not normally taught. Prerequisites and corequisites vary by topic.

HS-TUT   History Teaching Assistant (Variable; Variable; 1.00-3.00 Credits)

Informational Technology

IT-105   Principles of Programming (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N,WK-FR) This course introduces the fundamental principles of programming. Initially, a visual programming language will be used to provide an introduction to algorithmic problem-solving. Then a web-based programming language will be used to illustrate programming language constructs. In addition, the ethical concerns of algorithmic bias will be explored, from the frame of Social Inquiry. Pre-Req or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109

IT-110   Principles of Information Technology (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) This course provides a context for further study in information technology. Topics include an overview of the fundamentals of information systems, current and emerging technologies, business applications, communications and decision making, and the impact of these systems on business, government, and society. This course will also emphasize the development of both writing and speaking skills through application of the concepts that define the course.

IT-199   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by title.

IT-210   Information Technology Systems (Fall; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; N) This course introduces students to three core areas in Information Technology: networks, database and web. The course progresses through two phases during its study of modern IT environments. Initial study includes all the necessary components of today's IT system environment and its use in business. Secondly, students use a server based database development environment to create an IT system. Prerequisites: CS110. MA116 strongly recommended.

IT-260   Human-Computer Interaction (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S,WK-SI) Human-Computer Interaction is a multidisciplinary field with the goal of bringing usability into the design process and to develop interactive products that are easy, effective, and enjoyable to use from a user'sperspective. Human interaction with interfaces can be studied, designed, and evaluated. While HCI focuses on technology design, the user-centered design techniques can be used in the creation of any product in all fields of study. Pre- or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109

IT-298   Information Technology Practicum I (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00-4.00 Credits; S) Credit option for students who are applying their classroom theory from the department by working on information technology or digital media projects on campus or off-campus. Credit hours and level (298, 398 or 498) are dependent upon the extent of the project and will be determined by the professor. Available by permission only.

IT-299   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by title.

IT-304   Project Management Techniques (Yearly; 3.00 Credits) This course provides project management skills to manage projects regardless of discipline. Through lectures, discussions, and hands-on exercises, students will learn state-of-the-art project management techniques as well as historical managing styles. In addition, there will be a focus on defining ethics and intercultural understanding in project management. NOTE: Students with POEs in Computer Science, Information Technology, or Business Information Technology may not take this course.

IT-306   Software Engineering (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N) See CS300. Prerequisite: CS240.

IT-307   Project Management (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S,CW,CS,SW-LE) This course reviews and applies project management processes and techniques such as project life cycle, project selection methods, work breakdown instructions, network diagrams, cost estimates, and more. Prerequisites: IT210 and Jr or Sr standing or permission of the instructor. Corequisite: IT308.

IT-308   Innovations for Industry I (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; S) This lab will require a team of students to function as a project development team for an IT- related business. The students will be exposed to many aspects of systems analysis, design, development and implementation, as well as project management tools and techniques. Students will be required to learn in a just-in-time mode using on-demand educational resources. Prerequisites: IT210 and Jr or Sr standing or by permission of the instructor. Corequisite: IT307. Note: This course will have appointed class times for projects other than the times listed on the schedule.

IT-310   Social Media (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; F) This course will introduce students to the context and forms of social media. We will explore the theories and practices of narrative expression in online context, explore social media as culture and study the impact of " the sharing economy. " What is social media, who uses it, who gains from it, and how is it transforming new media as well as traditional media. One of the outcomes of social media is that everything is connected, creating massive amounts of user generated content and data. Students will learn to analyze, design and visualize this data. We will also focus on the social norms of user communities and how we can leverage it to better understand emerging technologies. Students will have the opportunity to explore both theory and practice of social media through writing assignments, presentations, curating and creating creative content, and participating on both online and offline discussions. Prerequisites: IT110 or IT111 or IM110.

IT-325   Network Design & Management. (Spring; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; N) Focuses on the concept of the foundations of a network in both design and support. The OSI reference model will be examined along with techniques for supporting current technologies that align with each other. Emphasis will be placed on protocols, topologies and traffic analysis. Prerequisites: CS240 or IT210.

IT-341   Web Design (Fall; Yearly; 2.00 Credits) A study of modern web design along with an examination of markup and scripting languages (e.g., HTML, JavaScript), page, image and multimedia formats, and the techniques in developing and managing a web site. Page design, graphical user interfaces, interactive techniques and the importance of e-commerce are also emphasized. Prerequisites: CS110 or permission.

IT-342   Web Programming (Fall; Yearly; 2.00 Credits) A study of the modern web programming environment, including introduction to Web 2.0 and Web 3.0, HTML, XHTML, and JavaScript. The class will address client-side scripting as well as server-side technology, and accessing a database. These technologies will be combined to create an active, dynamic web page. Prerequisite: CS-240. Corequisite: IT-341.

IT-350   Security Engineering (Spring; Variable; 3.00 Credits; N) This course will focus on the area of computer security. Included will be information on attacks, prevention, as well as protection from non-malicious threats. It will look at network as well as web based security. A focus will be on creating secure computer environments from the ground up, not as an afterthought. Prerequisites: IT-210 and junior standing or permission of the instructor.

IT-351   Security Engineering Lab (Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit) This course is a laboratory course with hands-on activities to supplement the instruction given in the IT350, Security Engineering course. The lab activities will center on digital forensics, hacker exploits and protection techniques, penetration testing and vulnerability analysis. Co-requisite: IT-350.

IT-380   Innovations for Industry II (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; S,CTGIS) See IT308. This course will have appointed class times for projects other than those listed on the schedule. A continuation of IT308. Prerequisites: IT307 & IT308 and senior standing.

IT-398   Information Technology Practicum II (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00-4.00 Credits; S) Credit option for students who are applying their classroom theory from the department by working on information technology or digital media projects on campus or off-campus. Credit hours and level (298, 398 or 498) are dependent upon the extent of the project and will be determined by the professor. Available by permission only.

IT-399   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by title.

IT-480   Innovations for Industry III (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; S,CTGIS) See IT380. This course will have appointed class times for projects other than those listed on the schedule. A continuation of IT380. Prerequisites: IT380 and senior standing.

IT-490   Information Technology Internship (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 2.00-9.00 Credits) See Internship in the Juniata College Catalog. Corequisite: IT-495. Must have junior or senior class standing.

IT-495   IT Internship Seminar (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 2.00-6.00 Credits) See Internship in the Juniata College Catalog. Corequisite: IT-490. Must have junior or senior class standing.

IT-496   Information Technology Seminar (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; S) Discusses current advances in information technology not otherwise covered in our program such as, but not limited to, networking, artificial intelligence, societal issues. In addition, this course allows senior students to plan an individual research project to be completed in IT497. Prerequisites: Junior or Senior standing and IT210 or CS240.

IT-497   Information Technology Research (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 3.00-5.00 Credits; S,CW) Allows students to carry out the independent technology research project as designed in IT496. Prerequisites: IT496.

IT-498   Information Technology Practicum III (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00-4.00 Credits; S) Credit option for students who are applying their classroom theory from the department by working on information technology or digital media projects on campus or off-campus. Credit hours and level (298, 398 or 498) are dependent upon the extent of the project and will be determined by the professor. Available by permission only.

IT-499   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows department to offer topics not normally taught. Prerequisites vary by title.

IT-TUT   IT Teaching Assistant (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Teachers Assistant

Computer Science

CS-105   Technology Seminar (Either Semester; Yearly; 1.00 Credit) Technology Seminar is a topics-based course meant to build awareness in a variety of areas in the computing sciences that are not fully covered in other computer science or information technology courses or where an introduction to the topics provides needed context in the study of other material within the technology disciplines.

CS-110   Computer Science I (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N,CTGES,CTGIS) An introductory study of computer science software development concepts. Python is used to introduce a disciplined approach to problem solving methods, algorithm development, software design, coding, debugging, testing, and documentation in the object oriented paradigm. This is the first course in the study of computer science. Recommended programming experience or IT110 or IT100, IT111 or IM110 or MA103 but not necessary.

CS-116   Discrete Structures (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; Q,N) Discrete Structures (Fall; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; N, Q) Introduces mathematical structures and concepts such as functions, relations, logic, induction, counting, and graph theory. Their application to Computer Science is emphasized. Pre-requisite: high school algebra.

CS-199   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites will vary by topic.

CS-220   Computer Organization (Fall; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; N) An introduction to digital computer systems including a treatment of logic and digital circuits, data representation, device characteristics and register transfer notation covered in a manner that stresses application of basic problem solving techniques to both hardware and software design. Students gain experience programming in an assembly language to reinforce these systems and design concepts. Prerequisites: CS110.

CS-240   Computer Science II (Spring; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; N) A continued study of computer science foundations as begun In Computer Science I. An object-oriented language such as JAVA is used to develop and implement large programs involving various data structures and data abstraction as exemplified by packages and modules. Search, sorting, advanced data structures, programming methodology and analysis are emphasized. Prerequisites: CS110 and MA116 or MA210.

CS-255A   Android Programming (Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; N) This course will take your existing Java skills learned in Computer Science I and turn them into Android programming experience. Students will learn the skills in order to develop a fully functional application. Programming in the Android Studio environment, activity and fragment lifecycles, basic user interface design, and application distribution are emphasized. Prerequisites: CS240 and Instructor Permission.

CS-255B   COBOL Programming (Spring; Yearly; 2.00 Credits; N) The students will prepare a portfolio of computer programs written in the language. The programs are reviewed, critiqued, and then the student has an opportunity to revise them as needed for final inclusion in the portfolio. Prerequisites: CS110 and Sophomore standing and permission.

CS-255C   C++ Programming (Spring; Yearly; 2.00 Credits; N) The students will prepare a portfolio of computer programs written in the language. The programs are reviewed, critiqued, and then the student has an opportunity to revise them as needed for final inclusion in the portfolio. Prerequisites: CS-110 and Sophomore standing or higher.

CS-255F   FORTRAN Programming (Spring; Yearly; 2.00 Credits; N) The students will prepare a portfolio of computer programs written in the FORTRAN language, The programs are reviewed, critiqued, and the student has an opportunity to revise them as needed for final inclusion in the portfolio. Prerequisites: CS110 and Sophomore standing and permission of instructor.

CS-255P   Perl Programming (Spring; Yearly; 2.00 Credits; N,CTGES) The students will prepare a portfolio of computer programs written in the Perl language. The programs are reviewed, critiqued, and then the student has an opportunity to revise them as needed for final inclusion in the portfolio. Prerequisites: CS110 and Sophomore standing and permission.

CS-255R   Ruby Programming (Spring; Yearly; 2.00 Credits; N) The students will prepare a portfolio of computer programs written in the Ruby language. The programs are reviewed, critiqued, and then the student has an opportunity to revise them as needed for final inclusion in the portfolio. Prerequisites: CS110 and Sophomore standing and permission.

CS-255U   Unix Programming (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; N,CTGES) The students will prepare a portfolio of basic Unix programs and scripts. The course covers basic Unix commands, editing techniques, regular expression usage, and script building. The programs are reviewed, critiqued, and the student has an opportunity to revise them as needed for final inclusion in the portfolio. Prerequisites: CS110.

CS-255Y   Python Programming (Spring; Yearly; 2.00 Credits; N,CTGES) The students will prepare a portfolio of computer programs written in the Python language. The programs are reviewed, critiqued, and then the student has an opportunity to revise them as needed for final inclusion in the portfolio. Prerequisites: CS110 and Sophomore standing and permission.

CS-299   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by title.

CS-300   Software Engineering (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N) An introduction to the issues of software design. Topics include software engineering, software project management and development of projects in a modern design environment. The focus of the course is on the process used to develop quality software. The students work in teams to develop, implement and fully document a computer project to apply these concepts. Prerequisite: CS240.

CS-305   Software Models (Fall; Even Years; 3.00 Credits; N) A study of current software implementation models. Models of procedural based control for both batch and interactive settings, event driven control, real time control and exception handling are considered within representative interactive development environments such as .NET Design of graphical user interfaces for web-based and windows-based applications are integrated into the team projects. Prerequisites: IT240 or CS240.

CS-315   Algorithms and Analysis (Either Semester; Odd Years; 4.00 Credits; CW,N) The study and analysis of algorithms, their complexity and supporting data structures. Topics include searching, sorting, mathematical algorithms, tree and graph algorithms, the classes of P and NP, NP-complete and intractable problems, and parallel algorithms. Prerequisites: CS240 and MA116.

CS-320   Operating Systems (Spring; Even Years; 4.00 Credits; N) An introduction to the theory, evaluation, and implementation of computer operating systems. Topics include memory, process and resource management, elementary Queuing and network models, and scheduling. Prerequisites: CS220 & CS240.

CS-330   Computer Graphics (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; N) An introduction to both the hardware and software utilized in computer graphics. The emphasis is on a top-down, programming approach, using a standard application programmer's interface. Students will create three-dimensional and interactive applications, in addition to studying several of the classic, low-level, rendering algorithms. Prereq: CS-240.

CS-341   Scientific Computing (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N) This course begins with an introduction to fundamental concepts in Scientific Computing and concludes with domain-specific projects in areas like Bioinformatics, Data Science,Physical Systems, and Numerical Analysis. The common content will include command-line interfaces (Linux), programming languages (Jupyter/Python), numerical and graphical libraries (NumPy and Matplotlib), version-control (Git/Github), and relational databases (SQL). Pre-Req: CS-110.

CS-360   Programming Languages (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; N) A systematic approach to the study and analysis of computer programming languages. The underlying concepts of these languages are emphasized. Prerequisites: CS-220 and CS-240.

CS-362   Languages and Translation (Either Semester; Odd Years; 4.00 Credits; N) A systematic approach to the study and analysis of computer programming languages. The procedural, functional, object- oriented and logical language paradigms are examined through the use ofrepresentative languages. Syntax and semantics issues are emphasized through the study of translation techniques in formal labs and group projects. Prerequisites: CS220 and CS240. Must have Junior or Senior standing.

CS-370   Database Management Systems (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N,CTGIS) Focuses on concepts and structures necessary to design and implement a database management system. Various modern data models, data security and integrity, and concurrency are discussed. An SQL database system is designed and implemented as a group project. Prerequisites: CS110.

CS-390   Computer Science in Germany Seminar (Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; I,SW-GE) This course will introduce the student to studying computer science in Germany. During the spring semester at Juniata, students will prepare for their travel to Germany by (1) studying the functional German required for travel, (2)reading about the culture and history of the country (and the state of North Rhine-Westfalia in particular), and (3) configuring the technology required for that year's selected topic in CS or IT. (The course content will vary each year.) This course is followed by CS-391, which is given at the Muenster University of Applied Sciences, for between two and three weeks each May or June. The instructor at MUAS will be a Juniata College faculty member. Pre-requisites: CS-240 and instructor permission. A fee of $1,200 is applied that is split between the spring and summer terms and covers instructional costs, tuition, and Juniata College credit. Students will need to purchase their own plane and train fares. The host institution will facilitate housing for the students.

CS-391   Computer Science in Germany (Summer; Variable; 2.00 Credits; I,SW-GE) This course is given at the Muenster University of Applied Sciences, for between two and three weeks each May or June. The instructor at MUAS will be a Juniata College faculty member. Pre-requisites: CS-240 and instructor permission. A fee of $1,200 is applied that is split between the spring and summer terms and covers instructional costs, tuition, and Juniata College credit. Students will need to purchase their own plane and train fares. The host institution will facilitate housing for the students.

CS-399   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) An introduction to one of the branches of computer science not currently included in the regular course offerings, such as Theory of Computation, Artificial Intelligence, Parallel processing, computer architecture, etc. Prerequisites: Variable depending upon the course. Note: Students may take each ST course for credit.

CS-480   Computer Science Seminar I (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; N) Discusses current advances in computer science and information technology not otherwise covered in our program such as, but not limited to, networking, artificial intelligence, societal issues. In addition this course allows senior students to plan an individual research project to be completed in CS485. This course, taken by a junior may be repeated as a senior as CS481. Prerequisites: Junior or senior standing and CS220 or CS240 or IT210.

CS-481   Computer Science Seminar II (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; N) See CS480. Prerequisite: CS480.

CS-485   Computer Science Research (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 3.00-5.00 Credits; N,CW) Allows students to carry out the independent computer science research project as designed in CS480 or CS481. Prerequisite: CS480 or CS481.

CS-490   Computer Science Internship (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 2.00-9.00 Credits; N) A placement with an organization having a data processing department. An in-depth exposure to the practice of computer science in a computer processing environment is provided. Note: may be repeated up to a total of 9 hours credit. Corequisite: CS495. Prerequisites: POE in Computer Science & permission and Jr. or Sr. standing.

CS-495   Internship Seminar (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 2.00-6.00 Credits; N) Requires students to reflect on the internship experience and/or pursue research related to the placement. Note: may be repeated up to a total of 9 hours credit. Corequisite: CS490. Prerequisite: POE in Computer Science, permission and Senior standing.

CS-499   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by title.

International Studies

Mathematics

MA-100   Precalculus (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N,QM) This course is designed for students who need a structured review of precalculus mathematics. Topics covered include solving equations and inequalities, graphing, and analysis of functions, including polynomial and rational functions, exponential and logarithmic functions and trigonometric functions. Integrates the use of the software package Maple in classroom demonstrations and homework assignments. This course cannot be included in a mathematics POE. Prerequisites: High school algebra and trigonometry.

MA-103   Quantitative Methods (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; Q) This course prepares students to be quantitatively literate citizens in today's world. By learning to think critically about quantitative issues, students will be able to make responsible decisions in their daily lives. Problems are analyzed and solved using numerical, graphical, statistical, and algebraic reasoning. Technology is used to help visualize data and facilitate calculations, as well as to present quantitative output and verbal arguments.

MA-109   Mathematical Problem Solving (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; QM,WK-FR) In this course, students use unsophisticated math to find solutions to problems. Many of the math concepts will be familiar but there are some that will be new. The focus will be on using math creatively to answer questions of interest. Unlike standard math exercises that ask students to apply techniques to come up with a numerical answer or an expression, the questions require students to use the mathematics they know to come up with a strategy to accomplish a task or make meaningful decisions. Prereq or Coreq: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

MA-116   Discrete Structures (Fall; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; N,Q) Introduces mathematical structures and concepts such as functions, relations, logic, induction, counting, and graph theory. Their application to Computer Science is emphasized. Pre-requisite high school algebra.

MA-130   Calculus I (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; N,QM) An introduction to calculus including differentiation and integration of elementary functions of a single variable, limits, tangents, rates of change, maxima and minima, area, volume, and other applications. Integrates the use of computer algebra systems, and graphical, algebraic and numerical thinking. NOTE: Every week, a 50-minute meeting will be set aside for supplemental instruction. Students who score below the threshold in the assessment exam administered at the beginning of the semester or are earning below 80 percent in the course are required to attend these sessions.

MA-138   Mathematics and Democracy (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; N,QM,WK-FR) Introduction to topics in mathematics related to democracy including voting theory, gerrymandering, and apportionment. We will discuss the comparison between these topics mathematically versus politically. Prerequsite or Corequisite: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

MA-150   Symmetry in Math & Art (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; WK-FR) Symmetry is often considered to give beauty to art and architecture. What is symmetry? How can we tell if two objects have the same symmetries? We will analyze symmetries in finite figures, strips patterns, and wallpaper patterns and investigate how symmetry relationships are encoded by mathematical groups. We will draw on examples across time, cultures, and disciplines. Pre- or Corequisite: FYC-101

MA-155   The Heart of Mathematics (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N,WK-FR) The goal of this course is to give a broad range of students the hands-on experience of doing mathematics. Topics may include infinity, higher dimensions, chaos, and graph theory. The emphasis will be on the process of doing mathematics: generating examples, looking for patterns, making conjectures, and proving these conjectures. Prerequisites: FYC 101.

MA-160   Linear Algebra (Fall & Spring; Variable; 3.00 Credits; N,QM) An introduction to systems of linear equations, matrices, determinants, vector spaces, linear transformations, eigenvalues, and applications.Prerequisites: MA130.

MA-199   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) An introduction to one of the branches of mathematics not currently included in the regular course offerings.

MA-205   Elementary Statistics (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; N,QS,WK-SP) Introduction to traditional statistical concepts including descriptive statistics, binomial and normal probability models, confidence intervals, tests of hypotheses, linear correlation and regression, two-way contingency tables, and one-way analysis of variance. Pre-Req or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

MA-208   Symbolic Logic (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; N,H,WK-FR) An introduction to the basics of first-order logic: the concept of artificial language, techniques for symbolizing ordinary languages and arguments, formal inference systems (either truth- free method or natural deduction), and other advanced topics in first-order logic. It has no prerequisites beyond high school algebra.

MA-210   Foundations of Mathematics (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; CW) An introduction to the logical and set-theoretic basis of modern mathematics. Topics covered include propositional and predicate logic; induction; naive and axiomatic set theory, binary relations, mappings, infinite sets and cardinality; finite sets and combinatorics; and an introduction to the theory of computability. Students will learn to read and to express mathematical ideas in the set-theoretic idiom. Prerequisites: MA160 or MA116 or PL208 or MA208 or permission of the instructor.

MA-220   Introduction to Probability & Statistics (Fall & Spring; Variable; 4.00 Credits; N,QS,CTGES) An introduction to the basic ideas and techniques of probability theory and to selected topics in statistics, such as sampling theory, confidence intervals, and linear regression. Prerequisite: MA130.

MA-230   Calculus II (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; N,QM) Expands the treatment of two-space using polar and parametric equations. Emphasizes multivariable calculus, including vectors in three dimensions, curves and surfaces in space, functions of several variables, partial differentiation, multiple integration, and applications. Prerequisite: MA130.

MA-233   Integrals Series & Differential Equations (Fall; Yearly; 2.00 Credits; N) Integration, Taylor and Fourier series, and an introduction to differential equations, with applications and the use of the software package Maple. Note: A student may receive credit for MA-233 or MA-235, but not for both. Prerequisite: MA-130.

MA-235   Calculus III (Fall; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; N,QM) A continuation of the calculus sequence. Topics include methods of integration by Simpson's Rule, applications, Taylor and Fourier series; introduction to ordinary differential equations; integration in polar, cylindrical, and spherical coordinates; differential and integral vector calculus. Prerequisites: MA230.

MA-285   Math Research Seminar (Spring; Variable; 1.00 Credit) This course will introduce students to the experience of mathematics research. Each student will be part of a team working on an open problem selected by the instructor. Prerequisite: MA-116 or MA-210.

MA-299   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) An introduction to one of the branches of mathematics not currently in the regular course offerings. Prerequisites: Vary depending on course offering.

MA-303   Mathematical Modeling (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N,QM,CW) How to use mathematics to model " real-world " problems. Modeling topics range from population dynamics to economics to the nuclear arms race. Mathematical tools range from calculus to curve fitting to computer simulation. How to make a little bit of mathematics go a long way. Note: MA160 is recommended. Prerequisite: MA130 and experience with programming and Minitab.

MA-316   Combinatorics (Fall; Even Years; 3.00 Credits; QM,N) Advanced counting: what they didn't teach you on Sesame Street. An introduction to graphs, trees, and enumeration techniques with applications to computer science and biology. Prerequisites: MA116 or MA210 or MA220 or permission of the instructor.

MA-321   Multivariate Statistics (Spring; Variable; 3.00 Credits; N,QS) A class in multivariate statistical techniques including non-parametric methods, multiple regression, logistic regression, multiple testing, principle analysis. Prerequisites: MA-130 or MA-160; an introductory statistics course from the following list: BI-305, EB-211, ESS-230, ESS-309, MA-205, MA-220, PY-366, or SW-215.

MA-322   Probability (Spring; Even Years; 3.00 Credits; N,QM) Topics in probability including discrete and continuous random variables, expectations, mean, variance, moment generating functions, multivariate distributions, correlation, and independence, all leading to an efficient study of the binomial, Poisson, gamma, chi-square, and normal distributions. Prerequisites: MA220 and MA230; MA235 is recommended.

MA-325   Statistical Consulting (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N,QS,CW,SW-LE) The participating students will receive training during the semester in consulting on statistical problems and to assist in collaborative efforts with faculty and/or staff on client-partnered projects that are pre-determined. The semester-long project provides the student with both real work experience in the field of statistics and a project-based learning experience in partnership with the client. May be taken multiple times for credit. Pre-Reqs: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109; any one course from the following list: BI-305, EB-211, ESS-230, ESS-309, MA-205, MA-220, PY-361, PY-366, or SW-215.

MA-335   Differential Equations (Spring; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; N,QM) Theory and application of ordinary differential equations. Emphasis on modern qualitative techniques, with numerical and analytical approaches used when appropriate. Contains a brief introduction to partial differential equations. Prerequisites: MA130 and MA230 and MA235 or MA233.

MA-341   Scientific Computing (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N) This course begins with an introduction to fundamental concepts in Scientific Computing and concludes with domain-specific projects in areas like Bioinformatics, Data Science, Physical Systems, and Numerical Analysis. The common content will include command-line interfaces (Linux), programming languages (Jupyter/Python), numerical and graphical libraries (NumPy and Matplotlib), version-control (Git/Github), and relational databases (SQL). Pre-Req: CS-110.

MA-350   Topics in Geometry (Spring; Odd Years; 3.00 Credits; N) Examines the history and development of geometry with an axiomatic development of Euclidean geometry leading to an investigation of hyperbolic and elliptical non-Euclidean geometries. The roles of these discoveries in the history of mathematics are emphasized. Prerequisites: MA210 or PL208 or MA208.

MA-355   Nature of Mathematics (Spring; Odd Years; 1.00 Credit) An introduction to the history and philosophy of mathematics. Briefly traces the historical development of mathematics from its Oriental and Greek origins to modern times. Surveys the different philosophies of mathematics and provides some insight into the current crisis in the foundations of mathematics. Corequisite: MA350. Prerequisite: MA210 or PL208 or MA208.

MA-360   Abstract Algebra (Spring; Even Years; 3.00 Credits) Investigates the algebraicproperties of the real numbers and their generalizations. Emphasis on group theory, with introductions to integral domains, rings, fields and vector spaces. Prerequisites: MA160 and MA210.

MA-365   Number Theory (Fall; Odd Years; 3.00 Credits; N) An investigation of topics in Elementary Number Theory including divisibility, primes, congruence, congruence equations, quadratic residues and quadratic reciprocity, arithmetic and multiplicative functions, Diophantine equations, and other topics selected according to interest. Prerequisites: MA210 or permission of the instructor.

MA-370   Real Analysis (Spring; Odd Years; 3.00 Credits; N) Focuses on functions of a real variable, sequences, limits, continuity, differentiation and the derivation of standard theorems of the differential calculus. Prerequisites: MA210 and MA230 and MA235.

MA-375   Complex Analysis (Fall; Even Years; 3.00 Credits; N) Algebra and geometry of the complex numbers, analytic functions, complex integration, Taylor and Laurent series, residue theory, physical applications, and other topics as time allows. Prerequisites: MA235.

MA-399   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) An introduction to one of the branches of mathematics not currently included in the regular course offerings, such as number theory, history of mathematics, chaos and fractals, topology, graph theory, mathematical logic. Prerequisites: Vary depending on course offering. Note: abbreviated ST: Students may take each ST: course for credit.

MA-480   Mathematics Seminar I (Fall; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; N) A discussion-based study of current mathematical literature and modeling problems. Students will both apply their previous mathematical knowledge and explore new topics. In addition, students may use this course as preparation for an individual research project to be completed in MA485. A junior taking this course may repeat it as a senior as MA481. Prerequisites: junior or senior standing, MA160, MA210 and MA235 or permission of the instructor.

MA-481   Mathematics Seminar II (Fall; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; N) See MA480. Prerequisite: MA480.

MA-485   Mathematics Research (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 3.00-5.00 Credits; N) Allows students to pursue a program of directed original research in pure or applied mathematics. Required of candidates for distinction in mathematics POE. Prerequisites: MA480.

MA-490   Mathematics Internship/Needs Paperwork (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 2.00-9.00 Credits; N) Placement with an organization applying mathematical techniques such as statistical analysis, operations research, actuarial mathematics, or systems analysis. Designed to afford the student an opportunity to apply analytical and technical skills developed in the POE. Prerequisites: POE in Mathematics, permission and Jr. or Sr. Standing. Corequisite: MA495.

MA-495   Internship Research/Seminar (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 2.00-6.00 Credits; N) Requires students to reflect on the internship experience and/or pursue research related to the placement. Corequisite: MA490. Prerequisite: permission.

MA-TUT   Mathematics Teaching Assistant (Variable; Variable; 1.00-3.00 Credits; N)

Music

MS-101   Music Fundamentals (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; F,WK-CE) The course is designed to teach students the basic tools and elements of music and its notation. Students learn to become literate in the fundamentals of music (reading and writing music notes, intervals, scales, chords, rhythms, structure) and apply that knowledge to composition (e.g. a group project composing a brief percussion ensemble piece) and basic piano proficiency. The course includes discussions of the importance of music in society and in education. Listening skills are developed over the course of the semester. Pre- or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

MS-110   Survey of Western Music (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; F) Uses the historical development of " Western " music literature as the basis for forming a better understanding of the art of music. Listening skills are developed over the course of the semester.

MS-116   World Musics and Cultures (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; F,I,SW-GE) World Musics and Cultures is a survey class intended to educate students about a variety of different cultures and how music functions in human society. Cultures covered will include South Asia (India and Pakistan), East Asia (China, Japan, and Korea), the Caribbean (Jamaica, Trinidad, and Cuba), and Sub-Saharan Africa, along with other possibilities.

MS-120   Architectural & Musical Forms (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; WK-FR) This course explores concepts of form -- the use and organization of aesthetic space -- through studies of how " building and bridge architects " and " musical architects " (composers and producers) structure artforms. Artifacts include everything from Ellis Hall and Brumbaugh Academic Center to large-scale bridges and the works of Frank Gehry, and from simple A-B-A forms to advanced classical and " art rock " musical forms.

MS-130   History of American Popular Musics (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; F,WK-CE) This course explores popular musics throughout American history, from Revolutionary War era through 20th century. Units on mainstream pop/rock, jazz and its ancestors, early town bands, musical theatre, country, fragmentation of the market in the 1960's, and other topics are included. Students complete various presentations and readings on topics affecting the development of mainstream pop music. Pre- oe Coreq: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

MS-199   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the departments to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by title.

MS-200   Music Literacy (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; WK-CE) Music Literacy provides student musicians an opportunity to complete the Ways of Knowing Creative Expression requirement by learning to speak and write knowledgeably about an instrument, the music they are performing, and music's cultural context, as well as music history and theory. Develops active listening skills. To enroll in this course and to earn the Creative Expression requirement, students must have taken prior to and/or concurrently with this course, 3 credits of MU courses, taken in the same instrument.

MS-299   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the departments to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by title.

MS-399   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Provides supplements to the regular departmental program, exploring topics and areas not regularly scheduled. Note: abbreviated ST: (title). Students may take each ST course for credit.

Applied Music

MU-111A   Woodwind Studio (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00-2.00 Credits; F) Private studio lessons help improve musicians' sound quality, intellectual understanding, technique, expression and creativity. Enrollment for 1 credit provides a weekly 30 minute private lesson; two credits provide a weekly 60 minute private lesson. No previous experience necessary. Private lessons carry additional fees. Studio music fees are not refunded after drop/add. Instructor will contact you. If you haven't heard from them by the 4th day of classes, you may email them.

MU-111B   Violin/Viola Studio (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 1.00-2.00 Credits; F) Private studio lessons help improve musicians' sound quality, intellectual understanding, technique, expression and creativity. Enrollment for one credit provides a weekly 30 minute private lesson; two credits provide a weekly 60 minute private lesson. Students typically supply their own instruments. Violins and violas may be available for rental. No previous experience necessary. Private lessons carry additional fees. Studio music fees are not refunded after drop/add. Instructor will contact you. If you haven't heard from them by the 4th day of classes, you may email them.

MU-111C   Brass Studio (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 1.00-2.00 Credits; F) Private studio lessons help improve musicians' sound quality, intellectual understanding, technique, expression and creativity. Enrollment for one credit provides a weekly 30 minute private lesson; two credits provide a weekly 60 minute private lesson. Students usually provide their own instruments, although some instruments may be available for sign-out. No previous experience necessary. Private lessons carry additional fees. Studio music fees are not refunded after drop/add. Instructor will contact you. If you haven't heard from them by the 4th day of classes, you may email them.

MU-111D   Percussion Studio (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 1.00-2.00 Credits; F) Private studio lessons help improve musicians' sound quality, intellectual understanding, technique, expression and creativity. Enrollment for one credit provides a weekly 30 minute private lesson; two credits provide a weekly 60 minute private lesson. No previous experience necessary. All instruments are supplied by the College, but purchase of music, sticks, or mallets may be required. Private lessons carry additional fees. Studio music fees are not refunded after drop/add. Instructor will contact you. If you haven't heard from them by the 4th day of classes, you may email them.

MU-111E   Piano Studio (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 1.00-2.00 Credits; F) Private studio lessons help improve musicians' sound quality, intellectual understanding, technique, expression and creativity. Enrollment for one credit provides a weekly 30 minute private lesson; two credits provide a weekly 60 minute private lesson. Pianos are available for practice in the music building. No previous experience necessary. Private lessons carry additional fees. Studio music fees are not refunded after drop/add. Instructor will contact you. If you haven't heard from them by the 4th day of classes, you may email them. You must complete all semesters in order. (ex: MU111E, MU112E, MU211E, MU212E, etc.)

MU-111F   Voice Studio (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 1.00-2.00 Credits; F) Private studio lessons help improve musicians' sound quality, intellectual understanding, technique, expression and creativity. Enrollment for one credit provides a weekly 30 minute private lesson; two credits provide a weekly 60 minute private lesson. No previous experience necessary. Private lessons carry additional fees. Studio music fees are not refunded after drop/add. Instructor will contact you. If you haven't heard from them by the 4th day of classes, you may email them.

MU-111G   Guitar Studio (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 1.00-2.00 Credits; F) Private studio lessons help improve musicians' sound quality, intellectual understanding, technique, expression and creativity. Enrollment for one credit provides a weekly 30 minute private lesson; two credits provide a weekly 60 minute private lesson. Students supply their own instruments. No previous experience necessary. Private lessons carry additional fees. Studio music fees are not refunded after drop/add. Instructor will contact you. If you haven't heard from them by the 4th day of classes, you may email them.

MU-111H   Flute Studio (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 1.00-2.00 Credits; F) Private studio lessons help improve musicians' sound quality, intellectual understanding, technique, expression and creativity. Enrollment for one credit provides a weekly 30 minute private lesson; two credits provide a weekly 60 minute private lesson. Students supply their own instruments. No previous experience necessary. Private lessons carry additional fees. Studio music fees are not refunded after drop/add. Instructor will contact you. If you haven't heard from them by the 4th day of classes, you may email them.

MU-111I   Cello Studio (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 1.00-2.00 Credits; F) Private studio lessons help improve musicians' sound quality, intellectual understanding, technique , expression and creativity. Enrollment for one credit provides a weekly 30 minute private lesson; two credits provide a weekly 60 minute private lesson. Students typically supply their own instruments although instruments may be available for sign-out on a limited basis. No previous experience necessary. Private lessons carry additional fees. Studio music fees are not refunded after drop/add. Instructor will contact you. If you haven't heard from them by the 4th day of classes, you may email them.

MU-111K   Studio Jazz Improvisation Lessons (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 1.00-2.00 Credits; F) Private improvisation instruction, primarily in jazz styles. Individualized curriculum, based on needs and abilities of each student, will include scales, chords, and real-time usage of those elements in improvising. Also, basic instruction in one or more of these areas may be added by instructor if deemed necessary and only as directly related to student's development as an improviser: biographies and styles of famed improvisers, ear training, transcribing, and jazz styles/history. Studio music fees are not refunded after drop/add. Enrollment for one credit provides a weekly 30 minute private lesson; two credits provide a weekly 60 minute private lesson. Students provide their own instruments. No previous experience necessary. Private lessons carry additional fees. Instructor will contact you. If you haven't heard from them by the 4th day of classes, you may email them.

MU-111L   Bass Studio (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 1.00-2.00 Credits; F) Private studio lessons help improve musicians' sound quality, intellectual understanding, technique, expression and creativity. Enrollment for 1 credit provides a weekly 30 minute private lesson; two credits provide a weekly 60 minute private lesson. No previous experience necessary. Students must supply their own instrument. Private lessons carry additional fees. Studio music fees are not refunded after drop/add. Instructor will contact you. If you haven't heard from them by the 4th day of classes, you may email them.

MU-111M   Composition/Song Writing (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 1.00-2.00 Credits; F,CTDH) This course is one-on-one studio instruction in the craft of composition and/or songwriting. Instruction focuses on traditional classical/concert music, but also includes other genres as needed including, pop, folk, rock, and jazz. Topics include notation, orchestration, idiomatic writing for instruments and voices, musical form, and score study. Short term assignments are given throughout the semester, culminating in a more substantial work.

MU-113   Guitar Class I (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; F) The fundamentals of guitar playing are taught in small groups one hour per week. Beginning through intermediate classes emphasize songs, movable chords, blues and standardized forms in the plectrum and finger picking styles. Students must supply their own instruments.

MU-114   Guitar Class II (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; F) (see MU113).

MU-115   Practicum: JC Percussion (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; F) Students study and perform a wide variety of ensemble music on percussion instruments, in various percussion-only pieces as well as wind band, orchestral, and/or jazz ensemble settings. Music assignments are based on student interest and ability, and are individually assigned to further develop ensemble playing abilities and musicianship. Rehearsals and concert emphasize the communicative aspects of music, culturally correct practices and techniques in percussion, and the development of the tools that are necessary to produce a high quality ensemble experience. Individual practice outside of full rehearsals is expected. NOTE: Percussion ensemble students enroll in MU115 their first semester of membership, then MU116, then MU117, etc.

MU-131   Voice Class I (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 2.00 Credits; F) For students with no previous formal training in voice. Two fifty minute class sessions per week plus individual work with instructor as needed.

MU-132   Voice Class II (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 2.00 Credits; F) (see MU131).

MU-133   JC Concert Band (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; F) One of two wind bands at Juniata. This ensemble performs a variety of level III-IV concert band literature as well as occasional woodwinds-only and brasses-only pieces, to develop ensemble playing abilities, explore significant and newer quality wind literature, improve members' musicianship, and experience the communicative aspects of music.

MU-141   Orchestra (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; F) Orchestra performs a wide variety of music for both string ensembles and full orchestra chosen to develop musicianship and ensemble. Rehearsals and concerts emphasize the development of musical skills necessary to create a high quality performance experience for both players and audience. Requirements include attendance at a weekly sectional rehearsal and the full ensemble rehearsal in addition to individual preparation. Field trips to hear excellent performances by professional string artists may be offered. Note: Students enroll in MU141 their first semester, MU142 their second, etc.

MU-153   Guitar Class III (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; F) (see MU113).

MU-154   Guitar Class IV (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; F) (see MU113).

MU-163   Jazz Ensemble (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; F) Performs a wide variety of Jazz ensemble music chosen to develop ensemble playing abilities and musicianship. Rehearsal and concert emphasize the communicative aspects of music and the development of the tools that are necessary to produce a high quality ensemble experience. Practice outside of full rehearsals is required. NOTE: Jazz ensemble students enroll in MU163 their first semester of membership, then MU164, then MU165, etc. Winds must also be enrolled in MU 133-140 or MU 191-198.

MU-171   Choral Union (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; F) Performs larger choral works to develop vocal ability, sight reading, diction skills, and musicianship. One major on-campus performance per semester.

MU-181   Juniata Concert Choir (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; F) Performs a variety of choral music chosen to develop vocal ability, sight-reading, multi-lingual diction skills, and musicianship. Performances and projects include on-campus programs, spring tour(s), recording, and weekend tour. Members selected through audition.

MU-189   Instrumental Lessons (Ensemble Members) (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit) MU-189 enables students in one of our major instrumental ensembles to also enroll in lessons with the appropriate studio instructor for a 30-minute private lesson every other week or two students per lesson weekly. Lessons are not a requirement for membership in an ensemble, but you must be in an ensemble to register for MU-189. If the ensemble course is dropped, this course must also be dropped. Corequisite: MU-133 or MU-141 or MU-163 or MU-191.

MU-191   Juniata College Symphonic Band (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; F) Symphonic Band is the premier instrumental ensemble at Juniata College. The ensemble performs a variety of band literature chosen to develop ensemble-playing abilities and musicianship, as well as occasional chamber pieces for sections or heterogeneous groups. Rehearsals and concerts emphasize the communicative aspects of music and the development of the tools that are necessary to produce a high-quality ensemble experience.

MU-199   MU Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00 Credit) Allows departments to offer topics not normally taught. Prerequisites, corequisites, and fees vary by title.

MU-210   Musical Improvisation (Variable; Variable; 1.00 Credit; F) This course will present the basics of musical improvisation technique. Basic jazz music theory (scales, chords) and brief historical coverage of famed improvisers (Ella, Bird, Trane, Miles, et al.) will also be included. Extensive in-class student demonstrations of improvisation skills will be expected. Practice/goal oriented jam session time outside of class is expected, 5 hours per week is recommended.

MU-241   A Cappella Ensembles (Variable; Yearly; 2.00 Credits; F) Students hone their musicianship through a variety of a cappella ensemble works specifically designed to build one-on-a-part skills. Multiple ensemble combination opportunities are created within the class. Emphasis is placed on individual preparation. Prerequisites: MU171 or MU181 or MU281.

MU-299   MU Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00 Credit) Allows departments to offer topics not normally taught. Prerequisites, corequisites, and fees vary by title.

Non-Departmental Courses

ND-102   Introduction to Library Research (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; H) This one hour, one semester course is designed to teach students the fundamentals of library research, from the basic organization of materials through the analytical process of determining useful and appropriate research materials. This course will be taught every semester by the library staff, and there is no pre- requisite.

ND-110   Career Planning (Variable; Variable; 1.00 Credit; S) Examines theories of occupational choice and career development and provides the learner with the opportunity to become more aware of their interests, values, and capacities as they relate to the career decision-making process.

ND-199   ND Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows departments to offer courses not normally taught. Prerequisites and fees vary by course titles.

ND-203C   Cultural Learning Tour I (Variable; Variable; 1.00 Credit) Students enrolled in this short-term study-away program will participate a two-course series. The first is ND-203C, which is a predeparture course in the fall or spring semester that will facilitate development of learning objectives and provide background information related to the region in which the group will serve. The second is ND-230D, which is the service-learning trip in the winter or summer term, during which participants will explore social, cultural, political and/or environmental issues through various service and educational experiences. Involvement in trip activities will help students develop a foundation of knowledge about the importance of civic and community engagement. NOTE: The total fee for the experience is split between the two courses in the series. Instructor permission is required to register.

ND-203D   Cultural Learning Tour II (Variable; Variable; 1.00 Credit) Students enrolled in this short-term study-away program will participate a two-course series. The first is ND-203C, which is a predeparture course in the fall or spring semester that will facilitate development of learning objectives and provide background information related to the region in which the group will serve. The second is ND-230D, which is the service-learning trip in the winter or summer term, during which participants will explore social, cultural, political and/or environmental issues through various service and educational experiences. Involvement in trip activities will help students develop a foundation of knowledge about the importance of civic and community engagement. NOTE: The total fee for the experience is split between the two courses in the series. Instructor permission is required to register.

ND-271   3D Design, Scanning & Printing (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; CTDH,WK-CE) The course introduces non-specialist students to the current techniques of 3D design, scanning, and printing. It harnesses technology to creative art opportunities and artistic appreciation to technological processes. No pre-existing skill sets are assumed so the course is suitable to beginners and novices. Pre-requisite: FYC-101

ND-291   Frontiers in STEM (Either Semester; Yearly; 1.00 Credit) This course provides students studying in a STEM field with the tools needed to gain experiences as a developing scientist. The course will provide guidance and support for preparing applications and seeking research opportunities in preparation for employment or graduate study. This course is most appropriate for second-year students, but first- and third-year students will benefit as well.

ND-292   Fulbright Special Topics Course (Variable; Variable; 1.00-3.00 Credits; I,SW-GE) This course will focus on a people and culture outside of the U.S. or on a global challenge. The course will often relate to Mexico or to U.S.-Mexico relations. The specific topic of this course will be determined based on the interests of the Mexico Studies Chair and the needs of the College.

ND-298   Transitions (Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit) Faculty, staff, alumni, and guests will provide expertise and advice designed to help students understand and prepare for successful transitions. The process of transition (loss of what is familiar and known) will be discussed utilizing models of behavior within social systems and personal experiences. Case studies will examine: changing career goals; adjusting to cultural differences; the transition from life as an undergraduate to life as a graduate student; work life unreadiness; lifestyle adjustments such as financial independence, rural to urban, and changing relationships.

ND-299   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows department to offer courses not normally taught. Prerequisites vary by title.

ND-308   Science Outreach Leadership (Variable; Variable; 1.00-3.00 Credits) Offers the opportunity for active participation in the planning, design, and implementation of the PA Junior Science & Humanities Symposium and the PA Special Olympics events that are hosted at Juniata College.

ND-311   Digital Ethics (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; SW-ER,CTDH) The digital revolution has forced upon humanity a new set of ethical challenges. Many of these challenges continue to confound us. In a seminar setting, students investigate the most pressing questions of digital life and formulate their own views and moral stances. Pre- or co-req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

ND-399   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 2.00-9.00 Credits) Allows the departments to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by title.

ND-490   ND Intern/Needs Paperwork (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 2.00-9.00 Credits) See the chapter, " Special Programs " under " Internships " in the catalog. Corequisite: ND495. Prerequisite: Permission and Jr. or Sr. Standing.

ND-495   Internship Seminar (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 2.00-6.00 Credits) Required of all students doing an internship. Emphasis is on readings and discussions of materials relevant to the internship experience. Corequisite: ND490.

ND-498   Natural Sciences Capstone (Either Semester; Yearly; 1.00 Credit) The natural sciences capstone course is appropriate for any student in the natural sciences needing to fulfill the capstone requirement of the Juniata Curriculum. The course may be taken by any student with a natural sciences POE in their last 30 credits at Juniata. Offered asynchronously online, the course will be graded satisfactory/unsatisfactory. Guided by a series of tutorial videos, students are required to submit an up-to-date resume and two portfolio contributions. Through these assignments, students will reflect on how their Juniata experience has shaped their intellectual and personal growth.

ND-499   ND Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows department to offer topics not normally taught.

ND-TUT   ND Teaching Assistant (Variable; Variable; 1.00-3.00 Credits) See catalog.

Peace and Conflict Studies

PACS-105   Introduction to Conflict Resolution (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S,WK-SI) A survey of the field of conflict, this course explores the causes and consequences of social conflict. Theory and case studies are used to understand interpersonal disputes, the intricacies of groups in conflict and international issues and crisis. Emphasis is given to understanding the basic theoretical concepts of the field and developing basic conflict resolving skills. Pre- or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

PACS-108   Mediation (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S,SW-ER) This course is an introduction to the theory and skills that constitute the practice of interest-based mediation. Students will learn the fundamentals of mediation, become familiar with their own conflict resolution styles, and consider some cultural and ethical issues relevant to the practice of mediation. Weekly readings will provide a theoretical framework, but this course's emphasis will be on skill development. Through small-group role-play and simulation, students will work toward proficiency in the mediation process and provide constructive peer evaluations in a collaborative, spirited atmosphere. Pre- or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

PACS-110   Introduction to Peace & Conflict Studies (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; I,SW-GE) This course explores war and deep-rooted conflict as human problems and peace as a human potential. Students collaborate in small groups to explore a range of different approaches to peace around the world. Prerequisite or corequisite: FYC or CWS

PACS-199   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer topics not normally taught. Prerequisites vary by title.

PACS-210   Technology, Social Media, and Conflict (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; WK-SI) This course explores the complex relationship between technology, social media, and conflict in contemporary society. Students will examine how digital tools and platforms shape, escalate, and potentially resolve conflicts worldwide. Through case studies and theoretical frameworks, the course will cover topics such as misinformation, cyber warfare, the role of algorithms, social media's impact on public opinion, and the ethical responsibilities of tech companies. Students will discuss digital media's influence on activism, political movements, and state and non-state actors in both democratic and authoritarian contexts. Pre- or Co-requisite: FYC-101.

PACS-299   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) An examination of an area of study not regularly included in departmental offerings. Prerequisites vary with topics.

PACS-305   Gender and Conflict (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S,I,CW,SW-ER) This course looks at the intersection of gender and conflict to understand what it means to say that a conflict is gendered. It uses gender as an organizing concept to study issues of gender equality, justice, and peace, challenging and interrogating dichotomous, oppositional constructions of masculinity and femininity to understand how they contribute to direct, structural, and cultural violence. Pre- or Co-requisite: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

PACS-308   Nonviolence and Social Justice (Either Semester; Variable; 3.00 Credits; S,H,CW,SW-US) A study of the theory and practice of non-violence, this course explores both the theoretical development of nonviolence and the use of nonviolence as a means for waging and resolving conflict. The course explores nonviolence theory as it applies to issues of social change, alternative defense, and personal transformation, using writings from political, sociological, feminist, religious and philosophical perspectives. Prerequisite: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109. (Formerly titled Nonviolence: Theory and Practice)

PACS-391   Scholar in Residence Special Topic (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; WK-SI) This course will be offered by the PACS Scholar-in-Residence and section topics will vary depending upon the expertise of the visiting scholar. Topics will help students explore theories and frameworks for understanding negotiation within the field of peace and conflict studies as well as links to related fields such as psychology, communications, anthropology, international relations, and political science. Students will then apply their skills by conducting negotiations through simulation, role play, and practical exercises.

PACS-399   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by title.

PACS-455   PACS Honors Thesis I (Fall; Yearly; 3.00-6.00 Credits; H) Designed to serve as a course for students who emphasize PACS in their POE. The student will produce a major research paper that examines in depth a topic, theme, issue, or problem that has served as an area of special interest for the student throughout the previous two years of study. Prerequisite: Senior standing, PACS105 and PACS110 and a minimum of 4 200+ level PACS courses.

PACS-455B   PACS Honors Thesis II (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 3.00-6.00 Credits; S) Designed to serve as a capstone for students who emphasize PACS in their POE. The student will be expected to produce a major research paper that examines in depth a topic, theme, issue, or problem that has served as an area of special interest for the student throughout the previous two years of study. Prerequisite is Senior standing. PACS105 and PACS110 and a minimum of 4 200+ level PACS courses.

PACS-490   Peace & Conflict Studies Internship (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 2.00-9.00 Credits; I) An opportunity which requires students to relate theory and practice to a working environment and to reflect upon that experience. Corequisite: PACS 495. Prerequisite: Permission and Jr. or Sr. Standing.

PACS-495   PACS Intern.Res.Sem. (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 2.00-6.00 Credits; I) Requires students to reflect on the internship experience and/or pursue research related to the placement. Prerequisite: PACS110 and permission. Corequisite: PACS490.

PACS-499   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by title.

PACS-TUT   PACS Teaching Assistant (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits; S) See catalog

Philosophy

PL-101   Introduction to Philosophy (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,WK-HT) This course provides students with the background and conceptual tools that are required for more advanced study in the subject. At the discretion of the instructor, the course will either examine fundamental philosophical problems or provide a survey of important thinkers. Pre-Req or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109

PL-103   Life, Death, and Meaning (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H,WK-HT) The course will explore the meaning of life and death. Our primary concern will be with death, one's own inevitable personal death as it figures in human life and in contributing, or perhaps even detracting from, the meaningfulness of such a life. It will give you a deeper philosophical understanding of the meaning of death, and consequently the meaning of life, which will ultimately bring you into true being and authentic existence.

PL-105   Introduction to Logic (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,WK-FR) An analysis of practical reasoning skills, including a systematic approach to informal arguments and the meaning of everyday claims. Aristotelian logic, Venn Diagrams, propositional logic and symbolic logic are included.

PL-106   Introduction to Ethics (Either Semester; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,SW-ER) Examines the historically valid ethical approaches to problems, i.e., pragmatic, relativistic and absolute and the application of such methods to contemporary ethical dilemmas, e.g., abortion, terrorism, euthanasia, and capital punishment.

PL-199   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the departments to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by title.

PL-205   Ancient Philosophy (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,CW,WK-HT) This course is a historical survey of ancient Greek philosophy which will cover representative figures (including the major pre-Socratics, Plato, Aristotle and important authors/movements from the Hellenistic period, such as Epicurus, Stoicism and Skepticism). Prerequisite or corequisite: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

PL-208   Symbolic Logic (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; N,H,WK-FR) An introduction to the basics of first-order logic: the concept of artificial language, techniques for symbolizing ordinary languages and arguments, formal inference systems (either truth- free method or natural deduction), and other advanced topics in first-order logic. It has no prerequisites beyond high school algebra.

PL-230   Business Ethics (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; H,SW-ER) Asks the student to examine his/her personal values relative to those professional values of the business world. In particular, students will examine the claims of society, government, labor, management as they impact upon the individual who contemplates a career in the business world. Issues such as safety in the workplace, the right to privacy, and the obligations of the corporation to its employees, its customers, and to society itself will be covered. Pre-Req or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109

PL-235   Ethics of Health Care (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,SW-ER) This course is a seminar-style course in 'professional ethics'. It will explore the various codes, value assumptions, and dilemmas faced by those who practice the health care professions. Specific topics (or dilemmas) will be determined by each class, based upon the specific POEs of the enrolled students. Pre-req or co-req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109

PL-250   Science and Human Values (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,WK-HT,CTGES) This course examines the reciprocal influence between science and social values, from the perspective of the humanities. It asks, " What good is science? " Through selected readings and discussion, students consider how everyday life is shaped by scientific innovation and technology, just as society provides a framework of cultural values for science. Prereq or coreq: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109

PL-260   Philosophy of Science (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits; H,WK-HT,CTGES) Lays out some central philosophical problems raised by natural sciences. The possible topics to be discussed: Is science rational and objective? Does science really make progress? If so, in what sense? How to distinguish science from pseudoscience. Is science superior knowledge to other types? What is a good scientific explanation? Could we ever know about unobservable physical entities and events? Is it ever legitimate to regard a scientific theory as true? Prereq or coreq: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109

PL-265   Environmental Ethics (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,SW-ER) As the life-support system for everyone, the environment is unquestionably of high value. Yet decisions about its care and its uses evoke controversy. This course explores contrasting viewpoints and practices that impact the earth and its plant and animal life. Through readings, projects, and critical discussion of cases, students apply ethical theories to selected contemporary issues. Prereq or coreq: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109

PL-270   Ethical Theory (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,SW-ER) This course will provide students with an introduction to important debates in contemporary ethical theory (including debates about the epistemic status of moral claims and moral relativism). It will also introduce students to important normative frameworks within contemporary ethics (such as virtue ethics, utilitarianism, deontology, Confucian ethics, feminist ethics, etc.). Prerequisite: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109

PL-275   Modern Philosophy (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,CA,CW,WK-HT) Selections from the founders of the twin pillars of modernity, i.e., Modern Philosophy (F. Bacon, Descartes, Leibniz, Spinoza, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, and Kant) and Modern Science (Copernicus, Spinoza, Galileo, Pascal, Newton, and Boyle) are studied with an emphasis on the philosophical origins of modern psychology and the epistemic foundations of contemporary scientific methodology. Prereq or coreq: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109

PL-299   Special Topics (Either Semester; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by title.

PL-304   Existentialism (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,CW,WK-HT) This course provides students with an introduction to the major philosophers and themes associated with existentialist thought. Through a critical engagement with authors such as Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Sartre, and Camus (among others), we will explore questions concerning human freedom, alienation, authenticity, and mortality. Pre-or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

PL-308   End of History, Death of God (Either Semester; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,CW,WK-HT) Formerly titled " Hegel to Nietzsche. " This course provides an introduction to important philosophical discussions in nineteenth-century philosophy and political thought centered around the Hegelian/Marxist themes of history's end and Nietzsche's attempt to grapple with the implications of what he called " the death of God. " Prerequisite or corequisite: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

PL-310   Contemporary Political Philosophy (Either Semester; Variable; 4.00 Credits; S,H,CW) This course will focus on important political orientations and figures in the twentieth/early twenty-first century. Instructors may also focus on specific topics which have driven recent debates in contemporary political philosophy, including distributive justice, the normative foundations of liberalism/democracy or the tension between state sovereignty and international law (among others). Prerequisites: Take 1 course from the PL department or permission of the instructor.

PL-318   Knowledge, Truth and Skepticism (Either Semester; Variable; 4.00 Credits; H) The course is a study of the nature of human knowledge and justification of beliefs with special attention to three conceptually related topics: the nature and value of knowledge and the nature and structure of epistemic justification, the nature of truth, and the challenges from skepticism and influential responses to it. Prerequisites: Take any 1 Philosophy course, or by instructor consent.

PL-399   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by title.

PL-450   Senior Thesis (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H) Students will engage in independent research and write a substantial final paper which evidences sustained engagement with the secondary literature on a topic selected in consultation with faculty members. This course is designed as a capstone experience. Prereqisite: Senior standing.

PL-490   Internship/Need Paperwork (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 2.00-9.00 Credits) See catalog.

PL-495   Internship Seminar (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 2.00-6.00 Credits) See catalog

Philosophy, Politics, and Economics

Physics

PC-170   Physics Engagement (Either Semester; Variable; 1.00 Credit; SW-LE) The ability to effectively distill explanations of complex scientific concepts to the level on an audience is an invaluable, and oft overlooked, skill for scientists. In this course students will learn how to better communicate and convey scientific ideas to the general public through local engagements via science outreach opportunities with local schools and community partners. Instructor permission required. Pre-Req or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

PC-189   Physics Seminar I (Fall; Yearly; 1.00 Credit) Seminar series, required of all freshmen Physics/Physics-Engineering POEs, consisting of research seminars given by invited speakers and members of the department, both faculty and students. Discussions regarding specific career opportunities and preparation for graduate studies will also be an integral part of the seminar series.

PC-199   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Entry level treatment of a variety of academic/practical experiences in physics such as Microcontroller Electronics and Physics Phun Night Practicum. Note: Students may take each ST: course for credit.

PC-200   General Physics I (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N,QM) An algebra-based introduction to the basic principles of mechanics (including periodic motion, fluid static's and dynamics), heat and thermodynamics, molecular theory and wave motion (including acoustics). Note: A working knowledge of algebra, geometry, and trigonometry is required. Corequisite: PC-200L.

PC-200L   General Physics Lab I (Fall; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; N) An introductory algebra-based laboratory experience designed to accompany PC200. The individual experiments will involve topics in mechanics, energy, sound, and waves. Labs Involve computer acquisition of data for some experiments. Note: A special fee is assessed. Corequisites: PC200.

PC-201   General Physics II (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N,QM) An algebra-based introduction to basic principles of electricity, magnetism, electromagnetic waves, and optics. Additional topics may include atoms and molecules, nuclear physics, relativity and solid state physics. Note: A working knowledge of algebra, geometry, and trigonometry is required. Corequisite: PC-201L. Prerequisite: PC-200.

PC-201L   General Physics Lab II (Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; N) An algebra-based introductory laboratory experience designed to accompany PC201. The individual experiments will involve topics in circuits, light and optics, and nuclear physics. Involves computer acquisition of data for some experiments. Note: A special fee is assessed. Corequisite: PC201.

PC-202   Intro Physics I (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N,QM,WK-FR) A calculus-based introduction to the basic principles of mechanics (including periodic motion and dynamics), heat and thermodynamics, and special relativity. Corequisite: PC-202L. Corequisite or Prerequisite: MA-130 or MA-230.

PC-202L   Intro Physics Lab I (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; N) This lab is a calculus-based introductory laboratory experience that is designed to accompany PC-202. Individual experiments will correlate with the course, including kinematics, Newton's Laws, energy, and momentum. Corequisite: PC-202. Prerequisite or corequisite: MA-130 or MA-230.

PC-203   Intro Physics II (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N,QM) A calculus-based introduction to basic principles of electricity, magnetism, electromagnetic waves and optics. Additional topics may include atoms and molecules, nuclear physics, relativity and solid state physics. Corequisite: PC-203L. Prerequisite: PC-202 or PC-204.

PC-203L   Intro Physics Lab II (Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; N) An algebra-based introductory laboratory experience designedto accompany PC203. The individual experiments will involve topics in circuits, light and optics, and nuclear physics. Prerequisite: PC-202 or PC-204. Corequisite: PC-203.

PC-204   University Physics (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; N,QM,WK-FR) A calculus-based introduction to the basic principles of mechanics (including periodic motion, statics, and dynamics), heat and thermodynamics, and special relativity. This course includes an integrated introductory laboratory experience. This course is designed to be taken by students interested in a Program of Emphasis in Physics or Engineering Physics. Pre- or co-requsites: MA-130; FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

PC-209   Electronics (Spring; Variable; 3.00 Credits; N) An introduction to the theory and application of analog and digital electronics, starting with basic AC and DC circuits. The unit explains the principles of operation of the power supply, amplifier, oscillator, logic circuits, micro controllers, and other basic circuits. An associated laboratory component allows construction of and measurements on the circuits under consideration. Note: a special fee is assessed.

PC-211   Environmental Physics (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N,QM) A standalone course in physics focusing on natural processes and environmental technologies using physical concepts from mechanics, energy, thermodynamics, electromagnetic radiation, atomic spectra, fluid flow, atmospheric processes, sound waves and radioactivity. Designed for environmental science and geology students, those taking this course cannot take other algebra-based (PC200/201) or calculus-based (PC202/203) introductory physics courses. A working knowledge of algebra and trigonometry is required. Corequisite: PC211L.

PC-211L   Environmental Physics Lab (Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; N) An introductory laboratory experience designed to accompany PC211. Individual experiment will focus on natural processes and environmental technologies using physical concepts from mechanics, energy, thermodynamics, electromagnetic radiation, atomic spectra, fluid flow, atmospheric processes, sound waves and radioactivity. Note: A special fee is assessed. Corequisites: PC211.

PC-239   Nuclear Threat (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; CA,N,H,CW,WK-SP) This course examines the development and ramifications of nuclear weapons. Students will learn the basic physics upon which these devices operate, and explore moral issues that arose in the interactions of communities impacted by their construction, use, and testing, including the perspectives of scientists, government officials, and affected citizenry. Current issues and concerns regarding nuclear weapons will be studied as well.

PC-260   Intro to Materials Science & Engineering (Yearly; 3.00 Credits) The field of Materials Science drives technological innovations underlying all engineering fields. This course provides a scientific foundation to promote a rigorous understanding of materials from an atomistic to macroscopic viewpoint. Material systems (polymers, metals, ceramics, and electronic) are developed sequentially to provide a framework to explain the fundamental, physical origins of observable and important macro scale properties. Prerequisite: MA-130.

PC-289   Physics Seminar II (Fall; Yearly; 1.00 Credit) Seminar series, required of all sophomore Physics/Physics-Engineering POEs, consisting of research seminars given by invited speakers and members of the department, both faculty and students. Discussions regarding specific career opportunities and preparation for graduate studies will also be an integral part of the seminar series. Prerequisites: PC189.

PC-299   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Entry level treatment of a variety of academic/practical experiences in physics such as Musical Acoustics and Physics Phun Night Practicum. Note: Students may take each ST: course for credit.

PC-300   Intermediate Physics Lab (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N,CW) The origin and progress of physics in the 20th century, including relativity and quantum theory with applications in atomic and molecular physics, nuclear physics, elementary particles and possibly some solid state physics. Prerequisites: MA-230 and PC-203. Corequisite: PC-301. (Previously titled Modern Physics Lab)

PC-301   Modern Physics (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N) The origins and progress of Physics in the 20th century, including relativity and quantum theory with applications in atomic and molecular physics, nuclear physics, elementary particles and possibly some solid state physics. Prerequisite: MA-230 or PC-203. Pre- or co-requisite: MA-235. (Previously titled as Theoretical Modern Physics)

PC-307   Advanced Physics Lab (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N,QS,CW) Provides laboratory projects at the intermediate level. A series of projects is offered which best meet the educational needs of the student. Prerequisite: PC300. Special fee assessed.

PC-317   Medical Physics (Spring; Even Years; 3.00 Credits) This course aims to teach some fundamental physics principles and apply them to better understand the body, medicine & other biosciences. This will include biomechanics, instrumentation, medical conditions, diagnostic techniques and therapeutic treatments practiced today or under development (e.g. imaging, lasers, ultrasound, EKG). Geared toward health professions students and others interested in instrumentation or applied physics. Prerequisite: BI-101 or PC-200 or PC-202 or PC-204.

PC-320   Engineering Mechanics I: Statics (Fall; Variable; 3.00 Credits; N) A problem-solving approach to applied mechanics involving equilibrium of co-planar and non-planar force systems, analysis of frames and trusses, friction, centroids and moments of inertia. Prerequisite: PC202 or PC204.

PC-321   Engineering Mechanics II: Dynamics (Spring; Variable; 3.00 Credits; N) A problem-solving approach to applied mechanics involving the kinematics and kinetics of particles and rigid bodies. Techniques involving Newton's laws, work-energy and impulse momentum are presented and used extensively. Prerequisite: PC320.

PC-340   Mathematical Methods in Physics (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N) An introduction to the mathematics used in advanced physical science courses. The emphasis is on early exposure to mathematical techniques and their applications rather than on rigorous derivation. Topics include series analysis, complex variables, theory, matrix mechanics, ordinary and partial differential equations, vector and tensor analysis, and Fourier series. Prerequisites: PC203 and MA230.

PC-350   Thermodynamics (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N) An intermediate level course treating the concept of temperature and its measurement, the concepts of heat and work, the laws of thermodynamics, applications of these concepts to physical systems, the elements of statistical mechanics and as many topics of current concern as time allows. Prerequisites: MA-235 and PC-301.

PC-389   Physics Seminar III (Fall; Yearly; 1.00 Credit) Seminar series, required of all junior Physics/Physics-Engineering POEs, consisting of research seminars given by invited speakers and members of the department, both faculty and students. Discussions regarding specific career opportunities and preparation for graduate studies will also be an integral part of the seminar series. Prerequisite: PC289.

PC-395   Integrated Physics (Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit) This course is a problem-oriented integrative review of physics using a calculus-based introductory physics text and selected advanced texts used in follow-on courses. The course consists of student self-study, weekly questions and exams, and assigned material to study. Students prepare short write-ups of answers to questions and make class presentations of these questions and topics. Junior or senior class level is required.

PC-399   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Intermediate to advanced level treatment of a variety of areas within physics such as solid state physics, astrophysics, general relativity, and medical physics. Note: Students may take each ST: course for credit.

PC-402   Quantum Mechanics (Fall; Odd Years; 4.00 Credits; N) This course continues the discussion of the Schrodinger Equation, the particle-in-a-box, the harmonic oscillator, angular momentum, the hydrogen atom, and electron spin started in PC-301 and/or CH-305, but at a level that is mathematically much more detailed and proceeds from the postulates of quantum mechanics in a logical manner. With this beginning, the course then focuses on more complex problems such as the behavior of multi-electron atoms and molecules. Issues of the meaning of measurement such as embodied in the EPR paradox, the Bell Inequality, and the interpretation of associated experiments are also discussed. The course is heavily problem oriented requiring a strong mathematical background. Prerequisites: MA-235 and either PC-301 or CH-305.

PC-410   Mechanics (Fall; Odd Years; 4.00 Credits; N) A study of classical mechanics including Newtonian, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian approaches. Emphasis is placed on developing the student's ability to analyze physical problems involving particles, systems of particles and rigid bodies. Insight is provided into a variety of techniques for solving such problems. Prerequisites: PC-203 and MA-335.

PC-430   Optics (Spring; Variable; 3.00 Credits; N) The wave theory of light as applied to interference, diffraction, polarization, and image formation. Major emphasis on Fourier techniques. Study of geometrical optics, quantum optics, and radiometry as time permits. Prerequisites: PC300 or PC301.

PC-450   Physics Research I (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00-4.00 Credits; N) An opportunity for the student to do an independent research project under the guidance of a faculty member. Note: listed as Research: (title); may be taken multiple times for credit. Prerequisite: permission.

PC-451   Physics Research II (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00-4.00 Credits; N) An opportunity for students to do a more advanced independent research project under the guidance of a faculty member. Prerequisite: by permission.

PC-489   Physics Seminar IV (Fall; Yearly; 1.00 Credit) Seminar series, required of all senior Physics/Physics-Engineering POEs, consisting of research seminars given by invited speakers and members of the department, both faculty and students. Discussions regarding specific career opportunities and preparation for graduate studies will also be an integral part of the seminar series. Prerequisite: PC389, and restricted to Seniors with POE of Physics or Engineering Physics.

PC-490   Physics Internship (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 2.00-9.00 Credits; N) See chapter, " Special Programs " under internships. Note: may be repeated up to a total of 9 hours of credit. Corequisite: PC495. Prerequisite: permission and Junior or Senior standing.

PC-491   Electricity & Magnetism (Fall; Even Years; 4.00 Credits; N) A study of electromagnetic phenomena, including electrostatics, electric fields in matter, magnetostatics, magnetic fields in matter, introductory electrodynamics including Maxwell's equations, and electromagnetic waves, potentials, and fields. Prerequisite: PC-203.

PC-495   Internship Seminar/Research (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 2.00-6.00 Credits; N) Requires students to reflect on the internship experience and/or pursue research related to the placement. Corequisite: PC490. Prerequisite: permission.

PC-499   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer titles not normally offered. Prerequisites vary by course.

PC-TUT   PC Teaching Assistant (Variable; Variable; 1.00-6.00 Credits) See Catalog.

Politics

PS-101   Introduction to U.S. Government (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; S,WK-SI) An introduction to the theory and practice of United States government. The course surveys the underlying structure of U.S. politics, its economic, cultural and legal foundations and the daily practice of politics, e.g. groups, parties, and the mass media. Requisite: FYC-101, EN-110, or EN-109 must be taken prior to or concurrently with this course.

PS-102   Introduction to International Politics (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; S,I,SW-GE) In this course we examine some of the dominant theoretical frameworks in international relations. We examine the most powerful international organizations. We assess these from the perspective of non-Western cultural frameworks. Pre-Req or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

PS-110   Exploring the Law (Variable; Yearly; 1.00 Credit) An introduction to the legal profession, exploring the process of applying to law school, the variety of jobs in law, and how an undergraduate program can best prepare students for success.

PS-125   Citizenship (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits; SW-ER) What do citizens owe to fellow citizens at the local, national, and global levels? This course contemplates this question by examining the role of citizens in civil society. It examines citizens' social responsibility to others. It fosters each citizen's sense of empathy toward other citizens (including toward citizens living in different circumstances or having different worldviews) by exploring the social contexts of public policy problems. Using ethical reasoning, citizens will understand the ethics of citizenship in different settings and traditions. Citizens will consider the ramifications of enacting alternative public policies on the well-being of fellow citizens and of civil society. Pre-Req or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

PS-155   Lobbying (Spring; Variable; 1.00 Credit; S) Students learn about lobbying in the United States and Pennsylvania, including the national and state constitutional provisions that permit and restrain lobbying. Students study and discuss lobbying techniques and ethics and the place of lobbying in the broader context of American and Pennsylvanian politics. Students will practice their lobbying skills both in class and in Harrisburg.

PS-190A   Mock Trial (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; CS) A study of elements related to the preparation of a trial through the Mock Trial setting governed by the American Mock Trial Association. Students will learn the preparation of pleadings, applicable case law to the case presented, and obtain knowledge of the Rules of Evidence. Each year, Mock Trial is offered as PS-190A during the fall semester for 3 credits and PS-190B during the spring semester for 1 credit.

PS-190B   Mock Trial (Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; CS) A study of elements related to the preparation of a trial through the Mock Trial setting governed by the American Mock Trial Association. Students will learn the preparation of pleadings, applicable case law to the case presented, and obtain knowledge of the Rules of Evidence. Each year, Mock Trial is offered as PS-190A during the fall semester for 3 credits and PS-190B during the spring semester for 1 credit. Pre-Req: PS-190A

PS-199   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the departments to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by title.

PS-205   Politics in Film (Either Semester; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,F,SW-ER) This course is designed as an introduction to the study of ethical ideas as presented in motion pictures. We will look both at the direct representation of political ideas or points of view (especially through satire), and at the way Hollywood has shaped our ideas about the process of ethical decision-making. Pre-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109. (Formerly numbered as PS-305.)

PS-206   The Culture War (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits; CA,S,SW-US) Is the U.S. at war with itself over core political and cultural values? This culture war is waged over hot-button policy issues including abortion, school prayer, gay rights, religion in politics, marijuana, immigration, and diversity. Students explore the complex political contexts that shape the lived experiences of traditionally marginalized groups and examine how power, privilege, and marginalization influence policy outcomes. Pre- or Co-Requisite: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

PS-208   Policy and Community (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; SW-LE) In this course, students will engage in the policymaking process in Huntingdon. In conjunction with local policymakers, students will research a community problem and make policy recommendations based on that research. Class discussions will focus on common community issues in America (such as environmental and healthcare problems) in addition to research methods and local policymaking processes. Prerequisite or corequisite: FYC or CWS

PS-209   Sexual Politics (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; S,WK-SI) In this course, we will discuss sex and gender in political theory and practice. In part one, we will discuss key concepts needed to understand sex and gender politics in the United States. In part two, we will build on this knowledge by exploring sex/gender/sexuality issues in our current political environment. Pre- or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

PS-218   Public Policy & Admin. (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; S) An introduction to the study of public policy and its administration. The course explores the ways which power, knowledge and institutions shape adoption and evolution of public policies in western democracies. Focusing on various policy areas, the course also surveys the public bureaucracies that administer these policies, examining what government agencies do and why they do it, and assesses alternatives to public bureaucracies. Prerequisite: PS101.

PS-221   American Political Thought (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits; H,CW,SW-US) Covers development of American Political Thought from the Revolution to the modern-day. Special attention is given to the tension between liberty and equality in our system, especially as those tensions are revealed in writings of women and African-American writers.

PS-222   Western Political Thought (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits; H,WK-HT) Surveys selected works of philosophers from Plato to Nietzsche. The course will focus on enduring questions -- what is the good, the nature of the best regime, how do freedom and authority intersect, and so on. Pre-Req or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109

PS-230B   Presidential Inauguration (Variable; Variable; 1.00 Credit; S) This course is an experiential education opportunity that takes place in Washington, D.C. every four years during the inauguration of the president. The seminar culminates in the public events that comprise the presidential inauguration. Requires consent of the instructor and pre-payment of required course fees.

PS-230C   Inside Washington, D.C. (Variable; Variable; 1.00-2.00 Credits; S) This course is an experiential education opportunity that takes place in Washington, D.C. It is an intense seminar that features presentations by leading academics and practitioners about politics and the media, congressional elections, and presidential/congressional relations. The seminar includes site visits to embassies, government agencies, think tanks, media outlets, etc. with the aim of providing first-hand opportunities to witness government decision-making in action, as well as the efforts others on The Hill who try to influence government outcomes. Requires consent of the instructor and pre-payment of required course fees.

PS-230E   National Security (Summer; Variable; 1.00 Credit; S) This course is an experiential education opportunity that takes place in Washington, D.C. It is an intense, week-long academic seminar. Students explore the inner workings of the U.S. national security landscape with nationally recognized journalists, politicians, political analysts, and scholars as your guides. The course expands knowledge of American and international politics through on-site visits to such places as Capitol Hill, executive agencies, embassies, think tanks, and media organizations. Students engage in and network with nationally and internationally recognized public officials and business professionals to develop a sense of civic engagement and enhance leadership skills. Requires consent of the instructor and may require pre-payment of required course fees.

PS-235   Migration (Fall & Spring; Variable; 2.00 Credits; I,S,SW-GE) This is a two-course series (PS-235/236). The pre-departure course (PS-235) examines the full range of policy issues related to migration in North America. The summer or winter term course (PS-236) includes travels to southern Mexico, where professors and students from the Autonomous University of Chiapas (UNACH) will help students to gain first-hand insight into Mexico's migration policies through lectures, discussions, and visits to government migration detention centers. In addition to learning from the UNACH scholars, students will learn about Mexican culture from their homestay families. Students must complete both courses in the series to fulfill a Global Engagement course requirement. The total course fee is divided equally between PS-235 and PS-236.

PS-236   Eyewitness to Migration in Mexico (Variable; Variable; 1.00 Credit; I,S,SW-GE) This two-course series (PS-235/236) The fall semester pre-departure course examines the full range of policy issues related to migration in North America. The winter course/trip travels to southern Mexico, where professors and students from the Autonomous University of Chiapas (UNACH) will help students to gain first-hand insight into Mexico's migration policies through lectures, discussions, and visits to government migration detention centers. In addition to learning from the UNACH scholars, students will learn about Mexican culture from their homestay families. Students must complete both courses in the series to fulfill a Global Engagement course requirement. The total course fee is divided equally between PS-235 and PS-236.Pre-Req: PS-235.

PS-241   European Politics (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; S,I) Examines the modern history, political culture, institutions and policies of the majorWest European states. Britain, France, West Germany and the European Communities are compared along with selected other countries. The major problems confronting these are highlighted. Prerequisite: PS101 or PS102.

PS-243   U.S. Foreign Policy (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; S,I) Examines U.S. Foreign Policy from the Monroe Doctrine to the New World Order. Special emphasis is given to the tension between isolationism and globalism in this century. The course will focus on contemporary issues such as: the relationship with the UN, the U.S. as a global policeman, and the role of human rights as an American priority. Prerequisite: PS102.

PS-249   Senegambia I (Variable; Variable; 2.00 Credits; I,S,CA,SW-GE) In the pre-departure course (PS-249) on campus, we study and discuss Gambia's history and contemporary politics and culture. This is followed by a short-term study abroad course(PS-25), during which we spend three weeks exploring the political culture and society of The Gambia. Students must complete both PS-249 and PS-250 to fulfill the Cultural Analysis or Global Engagement requirements.

PS-250   Senegambia II (Variable; Yearly; 2.00 Credits; CA,I,S,SW-GE) These courses (PS249 and PS250) are co-requisites. In the fall semester, we study and discuss Gambia's history and contemporary politics and culture. During the winter break, we spend three weeks exploring the political culture and society of The Gambia. Corequisite: PS250. Students must complete both PS249 and PS250 to receive CA credit. If you want to get Global Engagement credit, after returning from the trip you must complete a 1-credit course that has been approved by the Global Education Committee.

PS-289   Politics and the Media (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits; S,CW) This course has two components. First, it looks at the interaction of politics and the media in the context of the United States. Students will learn about how politicians use the media and about how the media covers politics. Second, it is designed to help students hone their research and writing skills. The class involves extensive class discussion, applications of course materials to contemporary coverage of American politics in the media, and instruction about research and writing. Students will be required to pay close attention to the interaction of politics and the media during the course of the semester.Prerequisites: PS101.

PS-291   Mexican Fulbright Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-3.00 Credits; I,S,SW-GE) This comparative politics course will provide a significant degree of attention to the operation of society and government in a country other than the United States. It will focus on a people and culture outside of the U.S. or on a global challenge. The course will often relate to Mexico or to U.S.-Mexico relations. The specific topic of this course will be determined based on the interests of the Mexico Studies Chair and the needs of the Politics Department. This course is taught by the Fulbright professor from Mexico.

PS-298   Gender and Health Care (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; SW-ER) In this course, we will discuss gender and healthcare policy around the world, focusing on the ethical responsibilities of healthcare policymakers and providers. We consider how gender affects policy and health outcomes in various ways, depending on the cultural context. Class discussions will address topics such as reproductive rights and LGBTQ healthcare access. Pre-Req or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109

PS-299   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits; I,S) Offers supplements to the regular departmental program, exploring topics and areas not regularly scheduled. Note: Students may take each ST: course for credit.

PS-311   Constitutional Interp: Powers of Govt Government (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits; H) An examination of the three branches of government, their constitutional powers, and the limitations on those powers as interpreted by Supreme Court. Special attention is given to the areas of delegated and concurrent powers. The operation of the Supreme Court and the Federal court system are also reviewed. Prerequisite: PS-101.

PS-312   Constitutional Interp.: Civil Rights Rights (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits; H,CW) Examines citizen's rights and liberties which the Constitution protects against infringement by the government. Those freedoms enumerated in the Bill of Rights are reviewed as well as the right to privacy, due process, and equal protection. Prerequisites: PS101 or permission.

PS-313   Congress and Presidency (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits; S,CW) Examines the intellectual and constitutional foundations of Congress and the Presidency, and the evolution of their powers and responsibilities. The course also explores how, through cooperation and confrontation, the institutions make decisions about war and peace, spending, and taxation. Prerequisite: It is recommended that students take PS-101 prior to this course, but not required.

PS-318   Parties, Elections & Campaigns (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; S) Examines the role political parties and elections play in democratic theory and practice in the U.S. Topics include party systems in the U.S., history, party organization, comparisons with parties in other countries, electoral competition, and elite mass linkages. Contemporary issues such as campaign finance, campaign strategy, and the role of the mass media are also explored. Prerequisite: PS101.

PS-320   Topics Political Philos & Jurisprudence (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H) Examines specific topics in the area of political philosophy and law. Topics will include " Foundations of American Constitutionalism, " " African-American Social and Political Thought, " " Liberalism, " and " Shakespeare's Politics. " Students may take each course for credit.

PS-325   Health Policy (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; WK-SI) In this seminar course, we will discuss health policy, focusing on issues in the United States. We will discuss how health policy is made at the federal and state level. We will look at major health care-related programs in the United States, federal agencies that affect the health of Americans, and state-level health policy. Pre- or co-requisite: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

PS-330   TPP: Topics in Public Policy (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; S) Examines the formation and implementation of public policy by an in-depth focus on a single policy area. The course will investigate a particular policy area for the semester, such as environmental policy or health care policy. Policy study will include analysis of interest groups, public opinion, congressional committees and federal agencies. Research and analytical exercise will be emphasized. Prerequisite: PS101.

PS-334   Human Rights (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; I,S) This class focuses on some of the debates concerning human rights: realism versus idealism; individualism versus communitarianism; universalism versus relativism; religious fundamentalism versus secularism; women's rights as human rights; liberalism versus socialism. We review the historical evolution of human rights. We devote part of the semester to the role of literature and the arts in creating and promoting human rights. Prerequisite: PS102.

PS-335   Law of Nations (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; I,S) This course explores the substance of modern international law. Course topics may include the Vienna Convention, the UN Charter, the Law of the Sea Convention, the Rome Statute, the International Court of Justice, and the International Criminal Court. The course also explores how nation states interact with these bodies under their internal laws and customary international law. Prerequisite: PS 102.

PS-340   Topics in International Politics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits; S,I) Examines international politics in light of a specific topic or issue. The topics include themes such as: Global Environmental Politics, Nationalism, and Competing World Ideologies.

PS-346   African Politics (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; I,S,CW) This course examines some of the factors that explain the political problems that plague Africa. Topics include: colonialism, human rights, corruption, ethnicity and pan-Africanism. Prerequisite: PS102.

PS-349   Senegambia III (Variable; Variable; 1.00 Credit; I,S,SW-GE) This course will meet 1 hour per week in spring semester. A requirement of the course is to participate in a three week summer trip to West Africa. During the spring semester we will examine the history and contemporary politics and economics of the Senegambia region. At the conclusion of the spring semester we will spend 3 weeks exploring the political culture and society of the Gambia and Senegal in West Africa. There is a fee for the trip to Africa. Corequisite: PS250. If PS249 and PS250 are completed they will count as CA. PS349/350 will not.

PS-350   Senegambia IV (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; I,S,SW-GE) See PS249. Corequisite: PS349. Students must complete PS249 and PS250 to receive CA credit. A course fee is applied.

PS-389   TWC: Washington Special Topics (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00-4.00 Credits) This course is for students participating in the Washington Center's internship program in Washington, D.C. Each student will select one of several courses offered by the Washington Center upon acceptance into the program. The title of this Special Topics course will vary according to the course the student enrolls in through the Washington Center.

PS-399   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Offers supplements to the regular departmental program, exploring topics and areas not regularly scheduled. Examples include Religious Revivalism in the Third World, Race, Religion and Gender in American politics and Nationalism in Europe. Note: abbreviated ST:(Title); students may take each ST: course for credit.

PS-490   Legal & Public Affairs Internship (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 2.00-9.00 Credits; S) An opportunity to apply concepts and theories learned in class and readings to a practical situation. Selected students work with chief administrative officers in State College and Huntingdon, police departments, environmental departments, legal offices or in the Court House. Note: may be repeated up to a total of 9 hours credit. Corequisite: PS495. Prerequisite: permission and Jr. or Sr. Standing.

PS-491   Washington Center Internship (Variable; Variable; 2.00-9.00 Credits; S) Internship at The Washington Center in Washington, DC. Requires instructor permission. Corequisite: PS495.

PS-492   Harrisburg Legislative Interns (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 2.00-9.00 Credits; S) A unique opportunity to experience the legislative process. Placements are made to the research staffs of various committees (e.g., Banking and Commerce, Education, Judiciary, Local Government and Urban Affairs) of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. Committees are selected on the basis of student interests and needs in the Legislature. Corequisite: PS495. Prerequisite: Permission and Sophomore, Junior or Senior standing.

PS-495   Internship Seminar (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 2.00-6.00 Credits; S,SW-LE) The emphasis is on connecting the internship experience with student's Juniata coursework. Students will develop the knowledge, skills, and ethical perspectives they need to engage effectively with the local communities through meaningful contributions and reflection. Co-Requisite: PS-490 or PS-491, or PS-492.

PS-497   Honors Research I (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) Designed to offer exceptional students the opportunity to engage in an extensive undergraduate thesis or research project. Selected students will be invited by the faculty of the department to propose a subject of special interest to the students; working closely with at least one member of the department, students will develop and complete a research project in the first semester and present the results as a publishable paper in the second. Available by permission.

PS-498   Honors Research II (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) Designed to offer exceptional students the opportunity to complete the research paper started in PS497. Prerequisite: PS497.

PS-499   Senior Seminar (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) Intended as a capstone experience in the discipline and designed to engage students in their final year in the comprehensive study of a major question or issue confronting the discipline of political science. Prerequisites: PS101 or PS102 or PS222 and senior standing and three additional Political Science courses or departmental permission.

PS-TUT   Political Science Teaching Assistant (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 1.00-4.00 Credits; S) See Tutorial in the catalog.

Psychology

PY-101   Introduction to Psychology (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) An overview of the content and methodology in the field. Topics such as the history of psychology, physiological psychology, learning and memory, perception, motivation, child development, personality and social foundations are considered

PY-190   Introduction to Poverty Studies (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) The Introduction to Poverty Studies course will offer students an interdisciplinary exposure to the study of poverty, challenging them to explore the ways in which factors such as class, culture, race, gender, and geographic place operate to form an interrelated system that produces poverty and alters the trajectory of many important life outcomes. Among other course objectives, students will gain an evidence-based understanding of theoretical models of poverty and the ways in which poverty manifests differently within this country and across the globe.

PY-199   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites and fees vary by title.

PY-202   Personality (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) A consideration of representative approaches to the study of human personality, beginning with standard theoretical approaches and their applications. This is followed by a consideration of selected topics within the field of personality, e.g. aggression, sexuality, dependency, and competence. Prerequisite: PY 101

PY-203   Abnormal Psychology (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) A brief consideration is given to the historical approaches to " mental illness, " followed by a consideration of present day classification, diagnostic measures, and therapy. Emphasis throughout is upon experimental data as applied to the various disorders. Prerequisite: PY101.

PY-205   Social Psychology (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) The study of human interaction and interpersonal relationships, including selected areas of current research and theory such as social perception, interpersonal communication, attitude formation and change, conformity, aggression, and interpersonal attraction.

PY-210   Psych Professional Development Seminar (Variable; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; S) This course explores professional opportunities in the field of psychology and related fields. You will assess your professional skills and interests and create materials needed for a successful internship, job, or graduate school search. We also will explore how professional knowledge and skills can be shared as future engaged and effective members of communities.

PY-211   Race, Ethnicity, and Identity Studies (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S,WK-SI) This course explores the constructs of race, ethnicity, and identity with a focus on how they help us understand ourselves, societies, and the relationship between self and society. The course explores race, racism, antiracism, equality, and hierarchy. As a Social Inquiry course, this course emphasizes social scientific methodologies to address these topics. Pre- or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

PY-216   Public Health (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; S,N,WK-SP) This seminar serves as an introduction to evidence-based public health. The course will utilize public health methodologies to investigate historical and current public health issues. Pre-req or co-req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

PY-238   Biopsychology (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S,N) Focuses on neurobiology and neuroanatomy as they relate to sensory processes, motivation, reinforcement, learning, and memory. Prerequisite: PY-101 or BI-101 or BI-105.

PY-270   Cognitive Neuroscience (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S,N) Focuses on the neural mechanisms of mental processes including sensation and perception, attention, memory, reasoning, and decision making. Topics include basic neuroanatomy, functional imaging techniques, and evidence from neurotypical and clinical populations. Prerequisites:PY101.

PY-299   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by title.

PY-302   Moral Judgment (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; S,SW-ER,CTGES) This course will cover basic issues relevant to understanding and evaluating moral judgment. We will compare philosophical models of human judgment with psychological models of human judgment. You will apply both philosophical and psychological models to contemporary ethical issues and reflect on your own beliefs and social responsibilities.

PY-303   Learning & Conditioning (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) Explores the issue of how we are changed by experience, using primarily a behaviorist perspective, applied to animal and human data. Both theory and applied applications of theory will be considered. Prerequisite: PY101.

PY-304   Cognitive Psychology (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) Explores an array of issues in human memory, primarily from a cognitive/information processing point of view. Major emphasis is on using research data to formulate answers to both theoretical and applied questions. Prerequisite: PY101.

PY-312   Cultural Psychology (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) Cultural psychology is the scientific study of how cultural norms influence how individuals think, feel, and behave. Cultural psychologists study the ultimate social situation: culture. Questions from this field are relevant to our everyday lives and are important in shaping our understanding of ourselves and views of others.

PY-321   Health Psychology (Either Semester; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; S) Course will examine empirical findings from disciplines of psychology, medicine, and public health. Course topics include research methods, stress and social support, health behavior and primary prevention, management of chronic/terminal illnesses, gender and cultural issues in health, and psychoneuroimmunology. An underlying theme will be to dispel health-related myths and fads that are so prevalent in the popular media. Prerequisites: PY101.

PY-322   Sport Psychology (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) This course provides an overview of sport psychology. Students will gain insight into the psychological processes involved in sport and other fields involving human performance. Topics such as motivation, arousal and stress, burnout, skill acquisition, team dynamics, and psychological skills training will be explored as they relate to maximizing our ability to perform at a high level. Pre-Req: PY-101

PY-340   Research in Psychology (Fall; Yearly; 2.00 Credits; S) Allows students to become involved in an ongoing research program. Students will be required to read primary literature from the specific field of investigation and become involved in execution of an ongoing experiment. Students will be expected to perform the activities relevant to the experiment, assist in the analysis of the data, and write an APA style paper based on the results of the experiment. Prerequisites: PY101 and permission. Repeatable up to 3 times.

PY-341   Research in Psychology (Spring; Yearly; 2.00 Credits; S) Allows students to become involved in an ongoing research program. Students will be required to read primary literature from the specific field of investigation and become involved in execution of an ongoing experiment. Students will be expected to perform the activities relevant to the experiment, assist in the analysis of the data, and write an APA style paper based on the results of the experiment. Prerequisites: PY101 and permission. Repeatable up to 3 times.

PY-350   Developmental Psychology (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) This course is designed to integrate core topics in the discipline of developmental psychology with current key issues in society. Consequently, students will have the opportunity to analyze scientific literature and make connections to current, everyday life issues. Additionally, students will have the opportunity to explore developmental theory and its connection to public policy, known as " best practices " in parenting and education and consider developmental theory's influence on current trends in our broader society. Prerequisites: PY101 or ED120 or ED130.

PY-366   Research Methods & Statistics (Either Semester; Yearly; 4.00 Credits) Introduces the methodological skills necessary for conducting research and for becoming a better consumer of psychological science. Students will learn to think critically about claims and accurately summarize primary source articles about behavior. Students will learn statistical concepts commonly used to evaluate data, how to effectively communicate research, and make ethical judgments informed by APA ethical standards. Prerequisite: PY-101

PY-370   Intro Counseling Theories & Techniques (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) This course is an introduction to major theoretical perspectives and practice techniques employed in contemporary counseling and therapeutic environments, with an emphasis on individual and group processes. In addition to practical application activities (e.g., motivational interviewing), students will also be introduced to techniques and requirements necessary for establishing an appropriate therapeutic relationship and becoming a skilled helper, including ethical/legal considerations, consultation, referral, crisis counseling, and counseling research. By the end of the course, students should have a broad knowledge of counseling theories/theoretical orientations, basic counseling skills, and philosophies that support the building and maintenance of therapeutic relationships.

PY-375   Psychology of Emotion (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) This course introduces the scientific study of emotion (Affective Science). It examines the historical and philosophical origins of emotion but focuses on contemporary theories, concepts, and methods of study in emotion science; the relationship between emotion, cognition, and the brain; and variation in emotion phenomena related to gender, culture, and group processes. Pre- or Co-Requisite: PY-101 or SO-101

PY-399   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Variable: 1-4 credits. Occasional offerings in which a group of students and a professor explore an area of specialized interest in a seminar format. Recent offerings have been " Multicultural Psychology " and " Psychology of Gender. " Students may take each ST: course for credit.

PY-401   Comparative Psychology (Spring; Odd Years; 3.00 Credits; S,N,CS) Comparative Psychology examines the continuity of behavioral and psychological mechanisms between nonhuman animals and humans suggested by evolutionary theory. Attention is paid to the comparison between human and nonhuman animals on traditionally human characteristics, including self-recognition, language, culture, tool use, and several other characteristics. Prerequisites: PY-101 or BI-105 or BI-101 plus Junior or Senior class standing.

PY-402   Evolutionary Psychology (Spring; Even Years; 3.00 Credits; S,N,CS) This course uses the lens of modern evolutionary theory to understand human behavior. We will look for the influence of human evolutionary history on several modern human behaviors including, among others, dating and marriage, aggression, altruism, child-rearing, and behavioral differences between the sexes. Prerequisites: PY101 or BI105 and Junior or Senior standing or permission of the instructor.

PY-404   School Psychology (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; S,SW-LE) This course explores a scientist-practitioner model for improving learning and educational outcomes for all students. Focus is on the application of psychological principles and research-based models of prevention and intervention to improve outcomes. As a community-engaged learning course, coursework will be applied to a project identified by a community partner as meeting a community need. Pre-req: PY-101. Pre-req or co-req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

PY-412   Expertise and Performance (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; N,S,CS) What makes a great performer great? This course addresses thisbasic question by exploring various processes underlying skill learning and performance from a psychophysiological and neuroscientific perspective. Throughout the course, a model of effective learning and performance will be developed, discussed, and critiqued, guided by the unifying principle of efficiency. Pre-Reqs: PY-101.

PY-415   Capstone in Psychology (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S,CS) The purpose of this course is to assess the skills students acquire during their undergraduate career in the Psychology Department. Students will be expected to produce a written professional work. Pre-Req: PY-101 and senior class standing.

PY-490   Psychology Internship (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 2.00-9.00 Credits; S) See the chapter, " Special Programs " under Internships in the catalog. Corequisite: PY495. Prerequisite: permission and Jr. or Sr. standing.

PY-495   Psychology Internship Seminar (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 2.00-6.00 Credits; S,SW-LE) This seminar will help you apply concepts from your academic work to your internship experience. It also is designed to enhance your professional, social, cultural, communication, reflective, and critical-thinking skills. We will explore the concept of community, strategies, and skills necessary for engaged community work, and benefits and limits of engagement with others within and across communities. Corequisite: PY-490. Requires instructor permission.

PY-499   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by title.

PY-501   Organizational Psychology (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits) Organizational Psychology introduces some of the major concepts and theories used to describe and shape the behavior of individuals and groups in relation to their work environments. It addresses topics such as employee burnout, diversity and equity, engagement, leadership, motivation, performance, values, and wellbeing.

PY-TUT   Psychology Teaching Assistant (Variable; Variable; 1.00-5.00 Credits) See catalog.

Religion

RL-110   What Is Religion (Fall; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,CW) This course serves as an introduction to religious studies. It engages some of the most important questions which preoccupy students of world religions. How do religions work? What kinds of issues does religion address?

RL-115   Viking Religion (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits; H,WK-HT) This course surveys the history, literature, religion, and culture of the Viking Age. We read the major mythologies of the Vikings, Sagas, and archeological evidence on practical aspects of Viking religious behaviors. We study cultural features such as housing, politics, blacksmithing, and shipbuilding. Pre- or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

RL-123   World Religions (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,I,CS,SW-GE) This class looks at how global religions engage with contemporary challenges and issues. We will discuss scriptures, rituals, and current events primarily based on sources within each tradition. Pre-Req or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109. (Formerly titled Global Religions Today)

RL-131   Old Testament As History and Literature (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,I) An introduction to the historical-critical reading of the Old Testament against the background of the history, politics, religion, literature, and culture of the ancient Middle East. This course studies how these Israelites texts were written and how their literary qualities shape their religious meanings.

RL-132   New Testament As History and Literature (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H) An introduction to the historical-critical reading of the New Testament against the background of the history, politics, religion, literature, and culture of the ancient Mediterranean world. This course studies how these early Christian texts were written and how their literary qualities shape their religious meanings.

RL-199   RL Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) An examination of an area of study not regularly included in the departmental offerings. Titles will vary. Students may take each special topics course for credit.

RL-210   Sacred Landscapes (Either Semester; Variable; 4.00 Credits; H,CTDH) This course explores the relationship between the experience of geography and religious ideology. We take various environments-mountainous, oceanic, desert, forest, plains-and try to connect the religious thoughts of their inhabitants to the geography.

RL-230   Religions of India (Either Semester; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,I,CW,SW-GE) An introduction to religions originating in or having a major impact on contemporary India, including Hinduism, Sikhism, and Islam. We will engage with rituals, mythology, and sacred texts from each tradition. The emphasis in this class is on what makes these traditions compelling to the people who practice them. Pre- or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

RL-235   Religion and Nature (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,I,CA,CW,WK-HT) What is the relationship between religious/ spiritual worldviews and the ways humans interact with the natural world? We will examine religious views of nature, wilderness, pollution, and climate change, as well as ways in which these worldviews have led to harm to environmental systems. Students will also spend time examining their own relationships with the natural world. Pre-Req or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109

RL-250   Women in the Bible (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits; CA,H,WK-HT) This course focuses on the female characters in the Bible and on its teachings about the social and religious roles specific to women. The course studies those texts in both their ancientand modern contexts, with special attention to how they interact with culture and explores what meanings those biblical passages can have for women (and men) today. Prerequisite: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109

RL-265   U.S. Religious Diversity (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; CA,H,CW,SW-US) The United States has become an increasingly religiously diverse nation, especially since the end of the Asian Exclusion Act in 1965. This course looks at the history of conflict, cooperation, and power dynamics between different religious groups in the United States, as well as how religious diversity has impacted, and been impacted by, American politics. A particular focus of the class is the intersection of the categories of race and religion. Prerequisite or corequisite: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

RL-299   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by title.

RL-301   The Afterlife (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,CW,WK-HT) This upper-level seminar explores questions like these: What do major world religions teach about afterlife? How did the Bible's afterlife beliefs develop historically? Can the soul survive without the body? If so, what would a non-bodily life be like? What do near-death experiences prove about the afterlife? What is the meaning of life if there is (or is not) an afterlife? Pre-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109

RL-302   Atheism (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,WK-HT) This upper-level seminar explores questions like these: What are the arguments both for and against the existence of God? What motivates atheists to live morally? What is the meaning of life for atheists? How and why do some atheists practice religion, and how does a religion function without belief in God? How does atheism affect the well-being of individuals and societies? Prerequisite: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109

RL-399   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by title.

RL-440   Yoga Studies (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; CA,H,I,CW,WK-HT) Yoga has become one of India's best-known exports, primarily in the form of physical (Hatha) Yoga. We will examine many of the numerous varieties of Yoga philosophy and explore how yoga and meditation became popular in the West. Students will learn basic meditation. Must have junior or senior class standing.

RL-450   God, Evil & the Holocaust (Either Semester; Variable; 4.00 Credits; H,CW,WK-HT) If God is so powerful and so good, why is there so much Evil in the world? This course examines this problem from Jewish, Christian, and agnostic perspectives, with special attention to the Holocaust, and studies ancient and modern attempts to confront this problem, including readings from the Bible, philosophers, theologians, Holocaust survivors, modern fiction, and contemporary films. Pre-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109, and junior or senior standing.

RL-490   Religion Internship (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 2.00-9.00 Credits; H) See " Internship " in catalog. Corequisite: RL495. Prerequisites: Jr. or Sr. Standing.

RL-495   Religion Internship Seminar (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 2.00-6.00 Credits; H) See " Internship " in catalog. Corequisite: RL490.

RL-499   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by title.

RL-TUT   Religion Teaching Assistant (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 1.00-3.00 Credits; H)

Sociology

SO-101   Introduction to Sociology (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S,SW-US) The study of human social groups and the social processes that lead to both structural and cultural integration and differentiation primarily within contemporary American society. Pre-Req or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

SO-199   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Offered at the discretion of the department to qualified students Topic titles may vary from semester to semester and more than one may be offered per semester. Note: Students may take each ST: course for credit.

SO-203   Minority Experiences (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) An exploration of the factors that shape the experiences of minority group members in both domestic and global contexts. The social processes that functions to construct minority identity among racial, ethnic, gender, and ability groups are studied. Prerequisites: SO101 or AN151.

SO-204   American Families (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; S) Examines the structure and functions of the family as a vital social institution. Particular emphasis is placed on emerging trends within the family including dual careers, non-traditional families, divorce, and conflict management. Prerequisite: SO101 or AN151.

SO-243   Understanding Death, Dying, and Grieving (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S,SW-ER) This course introduces and explores cross-cultural attitudes, ethical dilemmas and the existential challenges of death and dying. Topics of the course include: self-examination of death attitudes, exploration of death customs and rituals, an overview of the dying process, exploration of difficult topics surrounding death and grief and bereavement. Pre-Req or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109. Sophomore standing or above required. (Previously titled Death & Dying.)

SO-244   Drugs and Society (Either Semester; Variable; 3.00 Credits; S) This course explores the history of substance abuse, models of addiction, physiological effects of commonly abused substances and treatment effectiveness. Some of the programs that will be examined include the 12-step program. Prerequisites: SO-101.

SO-245   Cross-Cultural Perspectives Family Dev (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S,WK-SI) Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Family Development: This course provides a theoretical, functional, and research-informed approach to studying family life from a cross-cultural perspective. Issues related to marital relationships, parenting styles, work-family life balance, family communication, sexuality and gender, domestic violence, family stress and coping, and aging are addressed using cross-cultural comparison, including comparisons between indigenous and non-indigenous cultures. Pre- or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

SO-299   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Offered at the discretion of the department to qualified students Topic titles may vary from semester to semester and more than one may be offered per semester. Note: Students may take each ST: course for credit.

SO-302   Social Deviance and Criminology (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) Examines contemporary psychological and sociological theories of behavior deviation, including crime, delinquency, substance abuse and selected other categories. Typologies for classifying and studying crime are developed and evaluated. Trends in behavior deviation, including the characteristics of offenders and victims, are critically explored. Informal and formal, as well as proactive and reactive, social control systems aimed at managing behavior deviation are described and analyzed. Prerequisites: SO101 or AN151.

SO-305   Gender and Society (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; S) This course is designed to explore the history and discourse related to the experiences and sociological definitions of gender roles across global and domestic contexts. Students will participate in critical analysis of the scholarship of gender roles using classical and contemporary works. The course will explore domestic and international experiences of men and women in biological, cultural, economic, environmental and political contexts. Prerequisites: SO101 or PY101.

SO-399   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by title.

SO-401   Sociology Senior Seminar (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) Sociology Senior Seminar is the capstone course for students who have focused their academic work in the sociological discipline. The course provides an opportunity for students to apply key curricular components previously explored during their undergraduate sociology coursework. The course is a designated service learning and experiential learning course. Students will assume substantial responsibility for the exploration of materials and presentation of those materials to their student colleagues. Students will also interact with campus and community partners during the semester. The course uses a student-led seminar format, coupled with community engagement and service learning components. Prerequisite: Senior standing.

SO-492   Sociology Internship (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 2.00-9.00 Credits; S) Minimum GPA of 2.50 and good academic standing required for internship eligibility. Development of internship proposal must occur a minimum of six weeks prior to start of internship. Corequisite: SO495. Prerequisite: 2.50 GPA, Permission and Junior or Senior standing.

SO-495   Sociology Internship Seminar (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 2.00-6.00 Credits; S) Requires students to reflect on the internship experience and pursue research related to the placement. Corequisite: SO492. Prerequisite: by permission.

SO-499   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer subjects not on the normal schedule. Prerequisites vary by title.

SO-TUT   Sociology Teaching Assistant (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 1.00-4.00 Credits)

Anthropology

AN-151   Introduction to Anthropology (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S,I) Dedicated to the proposition that there are many ways of being human, all of which are adaptations to particular sets of environmental and historical conditions. Trends and highlights of the human experience, both physical and cultural, are studied from a sociocultural perspective.

AN-254   Archaeology & Human Prehistory (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S,I) Through readings, lectures, films, and discussions about a variety of archaeological sites, from Alaska to Zimbabawe, students are introduced to our earliest ancestors, to the diversity of prehistoric cultures, and to the origins of Western civilization.

AN-255   Applied Archaeology (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; SW-LE,CTDH,H) Applied Archaeology follows a seminar format combined with active learning involving collaboration with community partners on historic preservation projects. This course introduces students to the study of the physical traces left by people in the past, emphasizing methods of identifying, documenting, curating, and analyzing historical sites and artifacts. Students study archaeological collections through an anthropological lens via laboratory and historical research techniques, including new technologies of the digital humanities. Pre- or Co-req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109.

AN-299   Anthropology Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Special topics course

AN-300   Anthropology of War & Peace (Either Semester; Variable; 3.00 Credits; S,I) A study of the incidence and nature of cooperation, competition, and conflict in human cultures. Evidence will be drawn from archaeological, ethnological and ethological data. Prerequisite: AN151 or PACS110.

AN-310   American Indians (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; S) An examination of the social, economic and political lives of reservation and non-reservation American Indians set in the historical context of their minority treatment. Prerequisites; SO101 or AN151 or AN254.

AN-311   Topics in Anthropology (Spring; Variable; 3.00 Credits; S) Occasional offerings in which students and a professor explore an area of specialized interest. Some themes include religion, gender, culture change, cultural ecology, frontiers and insider/outsider. Prerequisites: AN151 or AN254.

AN-316   North American Prehistory (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; S) A survey of the archaeological evidence in North America before 1492. Students learn about the diversity of groups, ranging in size from small bands of hunter-gatherers to highly complex societies, and how they exploited various ecological niches.

AN-351   Cultures of the World (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; S,I) An introduction to the variation in human cultural systems. A cultural perspective is used to examine diversity in band, tribal, chiefdom, and state level societies. Prerequisites: AN151 or AN254 or permission.

AN-353   Archaeological Fieldwork (Summer; Irregular/On Demand; 2.00-4.00 Credits; S) An introduction to the ethics, principles and techniques of archaeological field research that includes a practicum with actual excavations on both prehistoric and historic sites.

AN-355   Evolution, Medicine and Health (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S,N) This course focuses on the relationships among human ecology, population change, health and disease, social inequity, and adaptation in modern and prehistoric societies. Explores the origins of and pathways toward risk for infectious and chronic diseases, emphasizing the principles of epidemiology and the evolutionary history of both humans and pathogens. Prerequisites: AN151, and BI105 or BI190

AN-399   Special Topics (Spring; Yearly; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by title.

AN-411   History of Anthropological Thought (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; S,CW) Explores the major theoretical orientations of American and European Anthropology, including: functionalism, structuralism, social evolutionism, symbolic anthropology, as well as a consideration of Marxist, feminist and indigenous critiques. A capstone integrative experience for all upper level anthropology POEs. Prerequisites: AN151 or AN234.

AN-450   Archaeological Laboratory Research (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 1.00-4.00 Credits) This course provides hands-on training and experience in the archaeology laboratory. Students engage in artifact identification, cataloging, database maintenance, material preservation, and collections curation. Artifact collections are processed according to state curation guidelines. Students participate in supervised laboratory data collection and recordation. Instructor permission required to enroll.

AN-451   Cultural Ecology (Spring; Even Years; 3.00 Credits; S) An examination of the relationships between man and his environment, particularly noting how ecological variables influence such cultural patterns as subsistence, settlement, social relationships and stress behaviors. Some consideration is given to problems of the future. Prerequisite: AN151 or AN254.

AN-452   Archaeology Lab (Either Semester; Variable; 3.00 Credits; S) Provides instruction in all of the processes involved in preservation, conservation, cataloging, illustrating and analyzing artifacts and other materials from archaeological excavation. In addition to general experience, students specialize in an analytical technique of their choice. Prerequisites: AN151 and SO353.

AN-453   Archaeology (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; S) An advanced introduction to archaeological method and theory. Students use a computer-simulated excavation to develop research problems, design research strategies, and collect, analyze, and interpret data. Prerequisite: AN254 and ND.SS214.

AN-454   Ethnology (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; S,I) An introduction to cross-cultural research. Using statistical methods and data from ethnographic sources, students examine patterns of cultural continuity and discontinuity, and test hypotheses about human cultural systems. Prerequisites: AN151 & ND.SS214.

AN-490   Internship/Need Paperwork (Variable; Variable; 2.00-9.00 Credits) See catalog.

AN-495   Internship Seminar (Variable; Variable; 2.00-6.00 Credits) See catalog.

AN-499   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows department to offer topics not normally offered. Prerequisites vary by topic.

Social Work

SW-214   Integrated Research Methods & Stats I (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) An integrated course sequence applying processes of social inquiry to the assessment of historically oppressed and vulnerable populations, and of the interventions used to help those populations. This course integrates key research concepts and commonly used quantitative and qualitative methods in the social sciences, with the ability to communicate effectively about research with written and verbal skills. The course teaches students not only to conduct social science research but also to consume and utilize social science research in a critical way, including in practice as a helping professional.

SW-215   Integrtd Research Methods & Stats II (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) The second part of an integrated course sequence applying the scientific process to the fields of Social Work and Sociology, emphasizing key research concepts, commonly used quantitative and qualitative methods, and the ability to communicate effectively about research with written and verbal skills. The course teaches students not only to conduct research but also to consume and utilize research.

SW-221   The Life Cycle (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S,WK-SI) This course provides an introduction to lifespan development from conception, through birth, infancy, childhood, adolescence, and various stages of adulthood. Explores perspectives on the biological, psychological, and socio-cultural aspects of development over time. Examines human diversity as well as similarities in growth and development, utilizing theory and research. Discusses implications for prevention and intervention related to common developmental challenges and adversities. Pre-Req or Co-Req: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109

SW-230   Introduction to Social Work Practice (Spring; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; S,SW-LE) This course examines the generalist knowledge, values, and skills of the social work profession. Emphasizes interviewing and communication skills, the development of a helping relationship, the strengths perspective, and problem-solving strategies. Students will integrate skills and knowledge as they engage with the community in 20 hours of volunteer service. Prerequisite: SO-101

SW-231   Social Problems & Social Welfare (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S,WK-SI) This course explores persistent social problems including poverty, inequality, unemployment, homelessness, family violence, substance abuse, and lack of healthcare access, using historical, philosophical, and social science perspectives. The development of social policies and services as institutional responses to these problems are described and analyzed. Over the course of the term, students will review a significant body of literature related to a social problem/policy of choice, and conduct a case study with a community member who has experienced consequences of that same problem/policy. Prerequisites: FYC-101, EN-110, or EN-109.

SW-241   Children, Youth, and Family Services (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; CW,S,WK-SI) This course involves a critical analysis of child and family services, practices, and policies, while exposing students to the challenging risks and needs, traumatic and institutional experiences of high-risk youth and families, as well as sources of strength, protection, and resilience. Students will participate in analyzing and interpreting research using needs assessment data provided by the instructor, and complete a scaffolded research paper assignment to analyze a specific issue of interest.

SW-299   Social Work Special Topics Course (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits)

SW-330   Social Work Practice: Individual, Family & Small Groups Laboratory (Fall; Yearly; 2.00 Credits; S,SW-LE) This concurrent laboratory for SW-331 allows students to gain further experience working in a social service agency through participation in volunteer work, which is supervised and evaluated by a human service professional within the agency. Through this work, students have an opportunity to apply the skills needed to work with vulnerable client populations, including engaging, assessing, and intervening. Co-Req: SW-331. Pre-Req: SW-230.

SW-331   Social Work Practice: Individual, Family & Small Groups (Fall; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; S) Explores the problem solving process used in social work practice with individuals, families and small groups. Interviewing and problem solving skills, family systems analysis and group process are refined in preparation for beginning practice with individuals, families, and small groups. Corequisite: SW330. Prerequisite: SW230.

SW-332   Social Work Practice: Large Groups, Organizations and Communities (Fall; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; S,CW) Focuses on the problem solving processes employed in the delivery of social work services at the agency, institutional and community level. Primary consideration is given to the systems approach to communities and the techniques, strategies, and roles utilized by the worker in assisting communities and groups to attain satisfying and developmental levels of social functioning. Prerequisite: SW230.

SW-333   Social Welfare Policies and Services (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S,CW) A conceptual study of the meanings, nature, scope, implementation and evaluation of social policy as it relates to issues of social welfare. Prerequisite: SW-231.

SW-399   Special Topics (Either Semester; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer topics not on the regular course offerings. Prerequisites and corequisites may vary by title.

SW-490   Social Work: Professional Semester (Spring; Yearly; 12.00 Credits; S) Full time supervised senior capstone field experience in an approved social work agency. Students integrate the knowledge, values and skills of the social work profession with experiential learning in preparation for assuming the responsibilities of an entry-level social work professional upon graduation. Corequisite: SW495 Prerequisite: Permission.

SW-495   Professional Semester: Research Seminar (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; S) Involves research and discussion of practice issues of importance to the generalist social worker focusing on the impact these issues have on student's own practice experience. Corequisite: SW490. Prerequisite: Permission.

SW-TUT   Social Work Teaching Assistant (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 1.00-4.00 Credits)

English as a Second Language

ESL-150   Academic Writing (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) The focus of this course is developing writing fluency, as well as helping students find their own writing styles. Students will explore and apply the writing process, including brainstorming, organizing, writing drafts, proofreading, and revising. In and out of class activities will include reviewing and analyzing their own writing as well as that of their classmates, organizing a portfolio, and writing three main essays exploring different academic writing forms.

ESL-151   Conversation and Discussion (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) The focus of this course is learning and strengthening the skills of conversation and discussion often used on the campuses of North American colleges and universities. Students will more fully develop awareness of different academic and social situations which will require different levels of politeness and personal attention. Activities will include a reflective listening journal, note taking, and in-class presentations/speeches.

ESL-152   Reading and Vocabulary Development (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) The focus of this course is developing specific strategies for improving reading comprehension and rate by using authentic materials: media and college-related texts. Vocabulary development will be an important component of the class, so that the students are better able to understand complex written information. Through on-campus interviews and discussion groups, students will understand the norms and expectations of the U.S. academic environment.

ESL-153   Grammar in Use-Level II (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) The focus of this course is improving knowledge and use of written grammar as it applies to North American colleges and universities. Through the student's writings various grammatical structures will be explicitly examined, practiced, and applied. Although the focus of the course is grammar in writing, spoken grammar will also be covered through class discussions.

ESL-170   Academic Writing II (Fall & Spring; All Years; 3.00 Credits) The focus of this course is on improving academic writing skills needed to write more structured and complex essays in English. This course will guide students from more formulaic writing to more comprehensive writing by developing skills to express arguments clearly and with strong support. Timed-writings and peer-evaluations are strong components of the course as well.

ESL-179   Academic Writing II: Lab (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit) This course, in combination with ESL 170, will develop your academic writing skills through a focus on writing process. You will focus on the stages of brainstorming, topic selection, outlining, sourcing, composing and editing. Through close interaction with the teacher and assistants, you will learn the skills to be able to write more complex and expressive essays in English.

ESL-199   Special Topics (Either Semester; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) The IEP can offer special courses based on student and program needs.

ESL-202   Advanced ESL Reading (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; SW-GE) ESL 202: Advanced ESL Reading is designed to strengthen college level reading skills and help students learn to analyze readings from multiple points of view. Novels and other texts will provide the context for us to articulate and contrast the values, beliefs, or practices of different cultures and describe global challenges and ways different cultures address them.

ESL-211   Advanced Listening and Speaking Seminar (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; CS,SW-GE) High-level listening and speaking skills are needed to participate in North American college classrooms. This course is linked with a 3-credit, 100-level course and students earn credits for both courses. Through group discussion, oral presentations, video and an off-campus lab with Language in Motion, students improve their language skills and gain an understanding of content. Requisites: Take a linked 100-level course (speak to instructor).

ESL-250   College Writing (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; CW) The focus of this course is to enable students to write proficiently and confidently at a high level equal to American college students. Students will complete four essays which represent those most frequently written by college students. They will learn specific organizational strategies and elements of style which match North American academic expectations. Multiple revisions will be complemented by conferences with the instructor, Writing Center tutors, and peer-editing.

ESL-259   College Writing: Lab (Fall & Spring; All Years; 1.00 Credit) This course will improve your academic writing skills by developing your written process. In collaboration with the teachers and assistants, you will work on essays from ESL 250 focusing on the many stages of writing, including brainstorming, outlining, sourcing, composing, editing, re-writing, and peer-review. You will learn the process to write more complex and expressive essays in English.

ESL-299   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) The IEP can offer special courses based on student and program needs.

ESL-TUT   ESL Teaching Assistant (1.00-4.00 Credits)

Chinese

CN-110   Chinese I (Fall; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,I,SW-GE) Begins the introductory phase of acquiring a functional proficiency in modern Chinese. Special attention is paid to spoken Chinese.

CN-120   Chinese II (Spring; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,I,CS,SW-GE) CHINESE 120, A CONTINUATION OF 110, IS THE SECOND HALF OF A YEAR-LONG BEGINNING LEVEL COURSE IN MODERN STANDARD (MANDARIN) CHINESE. THIS COURSE IS DESIGNED FOR STUDENTS WHO HAVE COMPLETED ONE SEMESTER OF COLLEGE-LEVEL CHINESE OR EQUIVALENT. ITS GOAL IS TO LAY A GOOD FOUNDATION FOR FURTHER STUDY, AND TO STRIVE FOR AN ALL-ROUND DEVELOPMENT OF COMMINICATIVE COMPETENCE IN LISTENING, SPEAKING, READING AND WRITING IN MANDARIN CHINESE IN THE CONEXT OF CHINESE CULTURE. PREREQ: CN110 or LANGUAGE PLACEMENT RESULTS.

CN-199   Chinese Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) For 100-level special topics courses in Chinese.

CN-210   Chinese III (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; H,I,CS,SW-GE) Chinese 210 is the third part of a four-semester introductory sequence. This course is designed to further develop listening, speaking, reading and writing skills in Chinese. It will continue to train students in pronunciation and tone accuracy, to help them review and strengthen the basic syntax and grammar, build a working vocabulary around various daily situations, and further enhance their understanding of Chinese life and culture. Pre-req: CN110 and 120, or placement test results.

CN-220   Chinese IV (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; H,I,CS,SW-GE) Chinese 220 is the second part of the Intermediate Standard Mandarin Chinese course. To attend this course, successful completion of Chinese 110, 120, and 210 or equivalent are required. this course will continue to focus on oral proficiency as well as on the further development of reading, writing, and listening skills in the context of Chinese Culture. Students will attain approximately the Intermediate-low level on the ACTFL-ETS (American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages) proficiency scale. Prerequisites: CN110 and CN120 and CN210.

CN-299   Chinese Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) For 200-level special topics courses in Chinese.

CN-330   Advanced Chinese (Fall; Variable; 3.00 Credits; I,H,CS,SW-GE) This is a high-intermediate to advanced Chinese language conversation course that also integrates Chinese reading and writing skills. The course uses videos, audio clips and textbook readings to present different cultural, social, linguistic, and economics topics in Chinese language. Students will gain a deeper understanding of both Chinese language and modern Chinese society. Prerequisites: CN110 and CN120 and CN210 and CN220.

CN-399   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H,I) Allows departments to offer topics not normally taught. Fees and requisites change by topic.

French

FR-110   French I (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; H,I,SW-GE) Emphasizes the four communicative skills (speaking, reading, writing, and listening) focusing on the context of everyday life.

FR-120   French II (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; H,I,CS,SW-GE) In addition to learning and practicing basic communication skills in French, students will study some of the cultural foundations and practices of the French-speaking world. Instruction is entirely in French. Pre-Req: FR-110.

FR-210   French III (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; H,I,CS,SW-GE) This is the third course in a the three-semester sequence of beginning and intermediate French. Students will learn and practice more advanced grammatical structures and vocabulary to communicate more spontaneously and fluently with other speakers of French. PRE-REQ: French 120 or equivalent.

FR-230   Conversation (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; H,I,CS,SW-GE) This course focuses on developing the speaking and listening skills of students of French. Students will acquire the language structures and vocabulary to interact with fluent or native speakers of French on a variety of topics without strain for either party. PRE-REQ: FR 210 or equivalent.

FR-237   Intermediate French Grammar (Either Semester; Variable; 3.00 Credits; WK-FR) This course, which is instructed in French, serves to reinforce the fundamental grammar that students have studied previously, to introduce new grammar content, and to delve more deeply into grammar topics. Students will study grammar rules and guidelines and will also contextualize and understand them through a look at real-world use of language structures. As they study a formal language system, students will use deductive and inductive reasoning to predict which forms are correct. They will also work to improve their ability to communicate and interact effectively in French. Intermediate French proficiency strongly recommended.

FR-260   French Civilization and Culture (Either Semester; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H,I,CS,SW-GE) An overview of the French culture and civilization in language, art, literature, history, and ideas. Prerequisites: FR210 or equivalent.

FR-270   Francophone Civilization and Culture II (Either Semester; Odd Years; 3.00 Credits; H,I,CS,SW-GE) An in-depth introduction to the history and influence of French culture outside Europe. Students will gain a general knowledge of contemporary Francophone cultures that exist throughout the world. Prerequisite: FR210 or equivalent.

FR-279   Sexuality and Literature (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; I,H,CA,SW-ER) This course uses literary texts as a critical lens to analyze and critique sexual ethics in different cultural and historical contexts or situations. The course is conducted as a seminar with entertaining, thought-provoking reading assignments and lively classroom discussions. No knowledge of the French language is required to enroll in this course.

FR-287   African Migrant Experience (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; SW-US) This course examines the question of the American experience of Sub-Saharan African migrants, how the US experience impacts their identity, and issues/challenges of diversity through selected works by Sub-Saharan African authors. We will explore following questions: What can the selected works tell us about the dimensions of diversity and immigration in social, cultural, political, or historical contexts to understand the lived experiences of African migrants within the United States? How does diversity shape the US experience and engage us as a society in fostering/resisting individual and collective wellbeing? Instruction is in English. Pre- or Corequisite: FYC-101.

FR-299   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-3.00 Credits) Allows departments to offer subjects not normally taught. Prerequisites and fees vary by topic.

FR-326   French Cinema (Either Semester; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; F,I,H,CW,CA) An overview of the history of French Cinema and various schools of film analysis. Participants in this course view and analyze major examples of French cinema from its origins to today. Discussions are in English. Papers may be written in English or French.

FR-331   The Craft of Translation (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H,I,CW,SW-GE) This course introduces high-intermediate and advanced students of French to the formal technics and art of written translation. Students must have completed two 200 level courses taught in French or have instructor permission prior to enrollment.

FR-345   Women in French Culture (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; CA,I,H,CW) An introduction to the major currents of contemporary French feminism. All readings are in the translation and discussions are in English.

FR-399   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Provides courses not covered by the regular offerings. These are developed to meet the needs of students of advanced standing and included themes in Medieval & Renaissance Literature and French Women Writers.

FR-450   Research Project in French (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; H,I,CS) An independent research project or thesis which will be designed by the student with the assistance of the instructor. Throughout the semester, the student will research his/her topic and submit a final paper or thesis to be defended at the end of the semester Prerequisites: three 300 level French courses and permission, or a year of study abroad and permission.

FR-490   French Internship (Variable; Variable; 2.00-9.00 Credits) See catalog. Corequisite: FR495

FR-495   FR Internship Seminar (Variable; Variable; 2.00-6.00 Credits) See catalog. Corequisite: FR490

FR-499   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer subjects not on the normal schedule. Prerequisites vary by title.

FR-TUT   French Teaching Assistant (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits; H,I) See catalog for description.

German

Russian

RU-199   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Provides individualized instruction in topics not covered by the regular offerings. These are developed to meet the needs of students.

RU-299   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Provides individualized instruction in topics not covered by the regular offerings. These are developed to meet the needs of students.

RU-399   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Provides individualized instruction in topics not covered by the regular offerings. These are developed to meet the needs of students.

Spanish

SP-110   Spanish I (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,I,SW-GE) Emphasizes fundamentals of grammar, pronunciation, and language production. The development of skills in oral comprehension, speaking, writing and reading are stressed. Note: Students receive H or I credit provided that they have not taken more than two years of the language at the secondary school level.

SP-120   Spanish II (Either Semester; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; H,I,CS,SW-GE) Spanish 120 is the second part of a three-semester introductory sequence. Its primary goals are to enable students to build their proficiency and attain a broader understanding of Hispanic cultures. Emphasis is placed on the use of the target language in the classroom and the study of culturally authentic materials. Students will achieve greater accuracy with basic language structures. Pre-req: SP110 or placement test.

SP-125   Spanish Immersion 1-Orizaba (Summer; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H,I,SW-GE) This course is part of a 4-week summer intensive language program in Orizaba (Mexico) and is the continued study of the fundamentals of Spanish grammar, pronunciation, and language production, with particular focus on listening comprehension and speaking. Prerequisites: SP-120.

SP-199   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by title.

SP-210   Spanish III (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; H,I,CS,SW-GE) Spanish 210 is the third part of a three-semester introductory sequence. Its primary goals are to enable students to build their proficiency and attain a broader understanding of Hispanic cultures. Emphasis is on the use of the target language and the study of culturally authentic materials. Students will achieve greater accuracy with basic language structures. Pre-req: SP-120 or placement results.

SP-215   Mexican Culture (Summer; Variable; 1.00 Credit; H,I,SW-GE) This course, which is part of a 4-week summer intensive language program in Orizaba (Mexico), will introduce students to the origin, antecedents, and development of present-day Mexico and will expose them to the diversity of its inhabitants and of their cultural practices and production. Prerequisite: SP-120. Corequisite: SP-125, SP-225 or SP-325.

SP-225   Spanish Immersion 2-Orizaba (Summer; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H,I,SW-GE) An intermediate Spanish language course, which is part of a 4-week summer intensive language program in Orizaba (Mexico), that reviews the fundamentals of Spanish grammar, pronunciation, and language production, while providing intensive practice that will enable students to achieve mastery of these basic linguistic elements and to further develop their language proficiency. Special emphasis is placed on listening comprehension and speaking. Prerequisite: SP-210.

SP-230   Spanish Conversation & Composition (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; H,I,CW,CS,SW-GE) SP230 focuses on continued learning of Spanish through the practice of speaking and writing. Students discuss short films, readings, and topics of interest from the Hispanic world. Through practice in and outside of class and study of grammatical structures and vocabulary, students will improve their reading and listening comprehension and their speaking and writing competence. Prerequisite: SP210 or placement test results.

SP-235   Intermediate Spanish Grammar (Fall; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H,I,WK-FR) This course, which is instructed in Spanish, serves to reinforce the fundamental grammar that students have studied previously and to delve more deeply into grammar topics. Students will study grammar rules and guidelines and will also contextualize and understand them through a look at real-world use of language structures. As they study a formal language system, students will use deductive reasoning to predict which forms are correct. They will also work to improve their ability to communicate and interact effectively in Spanish. Intermediate Spanish proficiency is strongly recommended. (Previously titled Intensive Spanish Grammar.)

SP-238   Spanish & CEL in Guatemala 1 (Spring; Variable; 1.00 Credit) Spanish & Community Engaged Learning in Guatemala, Part 1: In this Community Engaged Learning course sequence (SP-238 and SP-239), students develop a community engaged project aligned with their academic and/or personal interests for an organization in Guatemala during the spring semester course (SP-238) that they then implement during the summer immersion course (SP-239). Completing the SP-238/239 course sequence fulfills the Self & The World-Local Engagement requirement. NOTE: Requires intermediate Spanish proficiency commensurate with four semesters of college Spanish or equivalent proficiency as determined by instructor. Instructor permission required.

SP-239   Spanish & CEL in Guatemala 2 (Summer; Variable; 2.00 Credits; SW-LE) Spanish & Community Engaged Learning in Guatemala, Part 2: In this Community Engaged Learning course sequence (SP-238 and SP-239), students develop a community engaged project aligned with their academic and/or personal interests for an organization in Guatemala during the spring semester course (SP-238) that they then implement during the summer immersion course (SP-239). Prerequisite: SP-238. NOTE: Requires intermediate Spanish proficiency commensurate with four semesters of college Spanish or equivalent proficiency as determined by instructor. Instructor permission required.

SP-245   Spanish Phonetics & Phonology (Fall; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; H,I,CS,SW-GE) This course serves as an introduction to the phonetics and phonology of Spanish. The goals of the course include providing students with a theoretical and practical understanding of the system of Spanish sounds, including dialectal variations, as well as strengthening students' Spanish speech in the direction of more native like pronunciation. Prerequisite: SP210.

SP-250   Introduction to Hispanic Literature (Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; H,I,CS,SW-GE) Emphasizes the development of skill in reading Spanish and in literary analysis of selected stories, plays, poems, and essays from Spain and Latin America. Prerequisite: SP210.

SP-255   Contemporary Hispanic Short Fiction (Fall; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H,I,CS,SW-GE) An intensive introduction to reading and analyzing twentieth-century Spanish and Spanish American short narrative. Study of the literary tests enables students to develop a better understanding of and appreciation for Hispanic cultures while continuing to build their Spanish language proficiency. Prerequisite: SP210.

SP-257   Hispanic Pop Culture in Poetry (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; I,H,SW-GE) Students will explore poetic expression in popular culture music genres, including the corrido, tango, nueva cancion, and reggaeton, as well as works of iconic poets. They will reflect critically on the practice of categorizing art according to dichotomies such high and low-brow, poetic or vulgar, crap or canon. Pre-reqs: SP-230 or equivalent.

SP-260   Spanish Civilization (Either Semester; Variable; 3.00 Credits; CS,H,I,SW-GE) An introduction to the many facets of Spanish civilization: art, music, history, literature, philosophy and everyday life. Prerequisite: SP210.

SP-265   Contemporary Spain (Spring; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H,I,CS,SW-GE) An intensive introduction to twentieth and twenty- first century Spain. Topics to be studied include: Spain's peaceful transition from dictatorship to democracy, economic development, and social change. Spain's role in the European Union, mass and elite cultural movements and the challenges facing Spain's younger generation. Prerequisites: SP210.

SP-271   Enrichmnt After-School for Youth-Spanish (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; SW-LE) Through this Local Engagement course, Juniata students will partner with the Huntingdon Area School District to offer language and culture classes to elementary and middle school students. They will design and deliver after-school course content in a dynamic, fun, after-school program designed to introduce students in grades 3-6 to Spanish and the cultures of Spain and Latin America. The course introduces students to best practices in local engagement, our local community, and the opportunities presented by our community partners. During seven weeks of the class, Juniata Students will teach the twice-a-week lessons at the nearby Standing Stone Elementary School. Must have clearances.

SP-272   Spanish for the Healthcare Professions (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits; I,SW-GE) This is a course for students who are interested in further developing their Spanish for practice in a healthcare setting. In the course, students will learn colloquial and formal medical vocabulary. They will review intermediate-level grammatical structures and practice how to properly apply these in a healthcare setting. Videos and interviews with Spanish speakers, a Mexican telenovela, and simulated medical situations are just some of the materials used in this intensive course. Students entering the course should have intermediate-level Spanish. It is recommended that they have completed two previous 200-level Spanish courses.

SP-273   Hispanic Cultures in Film (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; WK-CE) Students will explore various perspectives and practices from Hispanic cultures by viewing, interpreting, and critically and creatively analyzing a series of feature films from Spain and Latin America. Spanish will be the language of instruction and classroom activites will be carried out in Spanish so students cancontinue developing their Spanish language and Hispanic cultural competence. Intermediate Spanish proficiency is strongly recommended. Pre- or co-requisite: FYC-101.

SP-275   Art and Activism in Latin America (Fall; Variable; 3.00 Credits; I,H,F,CS,SW-GE) Studies art --literature, film, music, plastic arts, etc.--that denounces social injustice and seeks to trigger fundamental reforms in Latin American societies. Known as arte comprometido or committed art in Latin America, selected violence, economic exploitation, racism, and machismo. The course is conducted in Spanish. Prerequisites: SP210 or by permission of the instructor.

SP-285   Introduction to Latin America (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H,I,CS,SW-GE) This course offers students an overview of Latin American cultures through the study of their history, geography, literature, and art from the pre-Columbian period to the present. The course is conducted in Spanish. Prerequisite: SP-210.

SP-299   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer special topics not normally offered. Departments may offer more than one special topic. Prerequisites vary by title.

SP-300   Myth and Magic Realism (Spring; Variable; 3.00 Credits; CA,I,H,SW-GE) Explores the richness and diversity of Hispanic cultures through the study of texts that range from pre-Columbian myths to recent Latin American films. Emphasis will be placed on the analysis of the mytho-magical elements which are used to represent and often times critique aspects of various socio-cultural realities. The course is taught in English, and all course materials will be available in English. Prerequisites: Sophomore, Junior, or Senior standing.

SP-301   Voice for Voiceless-LA Testimonial Narr (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; CA,I,H,WK-HT) The testimonial genre developed in Latin America during the 1960s to give voice to the voiceless and bear witness to the world of the marginalized and oppressed. A representative sample of testimonial narratives will be read to examine topics such as the testimonial pact established with readers, social realities represented, processes of textual production, and narrative forms incorporated. Text will be read in English translation and the class will be conducted in English. Prereq: FYC-101 or EN-110 or EN-109. (Previous course title: Latin American Testimonio)

SP-305   Advanced Spanish Conversation & Comp (YYearly; 3.00 Credits; I,CW,CS,SW-GE) This course is designed to give students opportunities to develop and practice their Spanish at the intermediate-high and advanced levels of the ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines available at www.actfl.org. At the advanced level, speakers can: (a) narrate and describe in all major time frames (present, past and future), (b) handle a situation with a complication, (c) use connective devices and a variety of subordinate clauses, (d) use circumlocution, and (e) address topics of personal and general interest. At the advanced level, one may also demonstrate conceptual awareness or even partial control of superior level functions from the ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines (e.g., support opinion, hypothesize, discuss topics concretely and abstractly, and handle a linguistically unfamiliar situation). Prerequisite: SP 230.

SP-306   Language, Culture, and Justice (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 3.00-4.00 Credits; SW-GE) This intensive three-week orientation course offered in Ecuador prior to an academic semester of study abroad has two distinct components: 1) A survey of Ecuadorian history, culture, and society and how those relate to issues of conflict and social justice. 2) General Spanish classes that include grammar, writing, conversation, and cultural topics. This is an 'institution of record' course in association with the Pachaysana Institute in Ecuador and is open only to students attending this institution. Instructor permission is required. (Previously titled Ecuador: Language, Culture, and Justice)

SP-325   Spanish Immersion 3-Orizaba (Summer; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H,I,SW-GE) A second intermediate Spanish language course, which is part of a 4-week summer intensive language program in Orizaba (Mexico), that reviews the fundamentals of Spanish grammar, pronunciation, and language production, exploring the subtleties of features such as preterit-imperfect aspect and the subjunctive mood. Intensive immersion practice will enable students to achieve greater mastery of these elements and to further develop their language proficiency. Prerequisite: SP-230 or SP-235 or SP-245 or SP-250 or SP-255 or SP-260 SP-265 or SP-275 or SP-285.

SP-345   Spanish Phonetics & Phonology (Fall; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H,I,CS,SW-GE) This course serves as an introduction to the phonetics and phonology of Spanish. The goals of the course include providing students with a theoretical and practical understanding of the system of Spanish sounds, including dialectal variations, as well as strengthening students' Spanish speech in the direction of more native like pronunciation. Prerequisite: Study abroad experience or permission of the instructor.

SP-355   Contemporary Hispanic Short Fiction (Either Semester; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H,I,CS,SW-GE) Note: Meets with SP255. Additional work is assigned. Prerequisites: SP250 or equivalent and study abroad experience or approval of the instructor.

SP-357   Hispanic Pop Culture in Poetry (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; I,H,SW-GE) Students will explore poetic expression in popular culture music genres, including the corrido, tango, nueva cancion, and reggaeton, as well as works of iconic poets. They will reflect critically on the practice of categorizing art according to dichotomies such high and low-brow, poetic or vulgar, crap or canon. Pre-reqs: Two 200-level Spanish courses.

SP-365   Contemporary Spain (Spring; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H,I,CS,SW-GE) Note: Meets with SP265. Additional work is assigned. Prerequisites: SP250 or SP255 or or SP260 or approval of the instructor.

SP-373   Hispanic Cultures in Film (Either Semester; Yearly; 3.00 Credits; WK-CE) Students will explore various perspectives and practices from Hispanic cultures by viewing, interpreting, and critically and creatively analyzing a series of feature films from Spain and Latin America. Spanish will be the language of instruction and classroom activites will be carried out in Spanish so students can continue developing their Spanish language and Hispanic cultural competence. Intermediate Spanish proficiency is strongly recommended. Pre- or co-requisite: FYC-101.

SP-375   Art and Activism in Latin America (Fall; Variable; 3.00 Credits; I,H,F,CS,SW-GE) Studies art --literature, film, music, plastic arts, etc.--that denounces social injustice and seeks to trigger fundamental reforms in Latin American societies. Known as arte comprometido or committed art in Latin America, selected artistic texts treat topics such as political violence, economic exploitation, racism, and machismo. The course is conducted in Spanish. Prerequisites: SP250 or SP255 or by permission of the instructor.

SP-385   Intro to Latin America (Spring; Variable; 3.00 Credits; I,H,CS,SW-GE) This course focuses on the historical, political, intellectual, artistic, and social aspects of Latin America in order to familiarize students with the main trends in the development of the region. After a review of major historical events, students will explore trends and differences among regions of Latin America. The study focuses on textual readings, but also examines some representative examples of cultural production in the fields of art, literature, music and film. Prerequisite: SP230 or equivalent. Students should not take this course if they already took SP285.

SP-399   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Provides courses not covered by the regular offerings. These are developed to meet the needs of students of advanced standing.

SP-400   Contemporary Spanish American Novel (Fall; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H,I,CW,CS,SW-GE) Students continue to develop advanced Spanish language and Hispanic cultural proficiency as well as critical thinking skills through the study of contemporary Spanish American novels. Prerequisite: SP250 or SP255 or permission of the instructor.

SP-401   Gender Fiction in Hispanic Literature (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits; I,H,CW,SW-GE) This course, formerly titled Women in Hispanic Fiction, examines gender constructs in works by Latin American and Spanish authors. Among the topics that will be examined are the construction of gender and identity roles, historical spheres of participation for men and women, and the changing definition of such identity markers and roles. The course will focus on a broad historical range of literary works, examining how gender identities are presented in these works through their intersectionality with sexuality, class, race, age, and politics. In addition to the primary texts, students read critical essays on gender and discuss films and podcasts that develop topics parallel to those in the texts. Prerequisites: SP-250 or SP-255.(Previous Course Title: Women in Hispanic Fiction)

SP-404   Hispanic Metafiction (Alternate Years; Irregular/On Demand; 3.00 Credits; I,H,SW-GE) Metafiction is fiction that, rather than transparent, is opaque. In the metafictional moment, the reader looks at rather than through the fictional illusion. As Patricia Waugh writes in Metafiction: The Theory and Practice of Self-Conscious Fiction, Metafictional novels tend to be constructed on the principle of a fundamental and sustained opposition: the construction of a fictional illusion (as in traditional realism) and the laying bare of that illusion. In this course, students engage with the theory of metafiction and study examples from Hispanic fiction, which include works by Allende, Borges, Cortazar, Cervantes, and Garcia Marquez. Prerequsite: SP210 or permission.

SP-405   Cont. Spanish Novel (Either Semester; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H,I,CS,CW,SW-GE) Students continue to develop advanced Spanish language and Hispanic cultural proficiency as well as critical thinking skills through study of contemporary Spanish novels. Prerequisites: SP250 or SP255 or approval of the instructor.

SP-420   Generation of 1898 (Spring; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H,I,CS,SW-GE) In this course. students analyze selected essays, fiction, drama, and poetry of this key group of writers who accomplish a major renovation of Spanish thought and literary forms during the early decades of the twentieth century. Prerequisite: SP250 or SP255 or permission of the instructor.

SP-430   Advanced Spanish Grammar (Spring; Variable; 3.00 Credits; H,I,CS,SW-GE) This course serves to help advanced students gain a better understanding of the meaning of certain grammatical constructions in Spanish by systematically observing and analyzing their use in a variety of communicative contexts. Prerequisite: SP235.

SP-499   Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Allows the department to offer subjects not on the normal schedule. Prerequisites vary by title.

World Languages

WL-201   Language in Motion (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 1.00 Credit; H,I,CS,SW-LE) In this course, international students, study-abroad returnees, students with other international experiences, heritage speakers, and/or upper-level language students expand their knowledge of language and culture, process their own intercultural and language-learning experiences, and enrich local school classrooms. In addition to learning about teaching language and culture and the school context, students develop individual projects for presentation in school classrooms.

WL-303   Sociolinguistics (Spring; Even Years; 3.00 Credits; CA,H,I) This undergraduate course is meant to encourage you to reflect on how language functions in society. We will consider a subset of topics relevant to sociolinguistics, among them dialect variation (e.g., regional, social, ethnic); language ideology and language prejudice; and linguistic debates in education. We will consider linguistic communities across the United States. Prerequisite: EN110 or EN109 and Junior or Senior standing.

WL-398   Methods for Foreign Language Education (Fall; Yearly; 4.00 Credits; S,CS) This course is for students interested in teaching foreign languages or English as a foreign language or second language (ESL). This course provides a thorough introduction to contemporary theories and methods of language pedagogy. Students seeking K-12 certification in foreign languages may take this course instead of ED420 after studying abroad. It may also be taken by those students who have an interest in teaching English abroad. International students who are here a semester or a year should also consider taking this course. Prerequisites: ED110 and ED111 and ED130 and ED240.

WL-399   World Languages & Cultures Special Topic (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 1.00-4.00 Credits)

WL-490   World Language Internship (Variable; Variable; 2.00-9.00 Credits; H,I) See " Internships " in the catalog.

WL-495   Internship Seminar (Variable; Variable; 2.00-6.00 Credits; H,I) See " Internships " in catalog.

 

Graduate

 

Accounting

AC-532 Corporate Taxation (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits) This course is intended for graduate students who desire to learn how the IRS code applies to corporations,estates, and trusts. Tax research is emphasized. Prerequisite: The student must have been admitted to the graduate program in accounting at Juniata College.

AC-533 Government and Nonprofit Accounting (Spring only; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) Governmental and Nonprofit Accounting is designed to provide an overview of fundamental concepts and practices used in accounting for activities of governmental and non-business organizations. Students will be familiar with recording financial transactions, preparing financial reports, budgeting, auditing, and analyzing the results for federal, state and local governments, colleges and universities, healthcare organizations and other nonprofits.
AC-534 Advanced Accounting (Fall only; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) This course focuses on accounting theory and problems regarding complex transactions such as consolidations, reporting requirements and international standards. Also, the course will include examination of topics currently under review by the authoritative boards. Prerequisite: Bachlor degree and admission to the Master of Accounting program

AC-535 Auditing (Fall only; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) This course provides an in-depth understanding of auditing theory and authoritative guidance. This course will include current auditing issues, including specific requirements for public companies.

AC-536 Federal Taxation of Individuals (Spring only; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) Examines the federal income tax structure and its relationship to individuals and sole proprietorships. The course will explore the social, legal, economic, philosophical, and political considerations relevant when designing a tax system.

AC-537 Cost Accounting (Fall only; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) An analysis of the use of cost accounting systems to accumulate and allocate costs to support decision-making and managerial control. Emphasis is on solving real business problems. We will also explore socio-economic theories of the firm so that you may better understand the reasons/rationale for the many cost management techniques and procedures used to aid in making business decisions.

AC-538 Forensic Accounting (Spring only; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) This course provides an in-depth understanding of auditing theory and authoritative guidance. This course will include current auditing issues, including specific requirements for public companies. (Prerequisite: Bachelor degree and admission to the Master of Accounting program).

AC-539 Accounting Research (Fall and Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) Under the guidance of his/her advisor, all MAC students are required to prepare and present a research paper on a relevant Accounting topic. Although this paper is not a master's thesis, it does encompass significant library research and data collection and may include reports on field research or case studies. Students should work with their primary faculty advisor in the development of the paper and presentation.

AC-563 Financial Markets&institutions (Spring only; Odd Years; 3.00 Credits) financial Markets and Institutions is a graduate level economics course. Students develop a deeper understanding of the purpose of financial markets, what is required for them to operate well and why they sometimes fail, and also the important role of monetary policy in the economy. Prerequisites: EB222 and graduate status.

AC-564 Financial Theory & Analysis (Spring only; Variable; 3.00 Credits) AC564 Financial Theory & Analysis develops the skills and knowledge you need to effectively evaluate investment choices and put together an appropriate investment portfolio for an individual or an institution. Prerequisites: EB361 and EB211 or ND.SS214.

AC-599 Special Topics (Variable; Variable; 1.00-6.00 Credits) Allows department to offer topics not normally taught. Requisites and fees vary by title.

AC-INS Independent Study (Variable; Variable; 1.00-6.00 Credits) See catalog. covered.

Bioinformatics

BIN-500 Bioinformatics Fundamentals (Fall and Spring; All Years; 4.00 Credits; N) Bioinformatics is the science of collecting and analyzing complex biological data. It is an interdisciplinary field that develops and applies methods and software tools for understanding biological data. Pre-req: BI-105, BI-106, BI-121, BI-122, CH-142,CH-143, CH-242, CH-243

BIN-516 Molecular and Cellular Biology (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits) A comprehensive approach to the study of cells, with emphasis on molecular techniques and understanding the primary literature. Analysis of the cell at the molecular level emphasizes a unity in the principles by which cells function. PRE-REQ: BS degree in molecular biology, biochemistry or the permission of the instructor.

BIN-560 Genetic Analysis (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits) Topics covered will include basic and advanced topics in transmission, quantitative and population genetics, with emphasis on analysis. the methods that modern researchers use to discover gene function and molecular basis of adaptive or disease traits and how they are transmitted over generations in model and non-model species. Prereqs: BI 105/BI 106 or BI 101/102 or one year of college Biology.

BIN-580 Advanced Research Methods (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits) This class will provide training in advanced modern molecular wet lab, statistical and/or informatics tools. Bioinformatics skills will be related to assembly, annotation, variant characterization, and/or comparison of eukaryotic genomes and populations. Statistical analyses will be performed in R. Molecular tools may include DNA and RNA isolation, electrophoresis, restriction digests, DNA isolation from gels, PCR, sequencing, next generation sequencing and equipment maintenance. Core bioinformatics learning objectives will receive special attention. General skills include training students in the process and procedures of conducting meaningful and responsible research in Biology, including: deriving research objectives, experimental design, problem solving skills, responsible conduct.

BIN-581 Bioinformatics Capstone (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits) This culminating experience provides graduate students with the opportunity to engage in an independent, hands-on research experience for an entire semester. The research experience can be with private industry, academia, or the government and must be approved first by Dr. Lamendella. The experience must be immersive in bioinformatics and/or biotechnology, must have a data analysis component and the research project will be disseminated via both a written manuscript and oral presentation.

BIN-600 Environmental Genomics (Variable; Yearly; 4.00 Credits) This course will utilize Microbial Community Analysis leveraging high-throughput sequencing technology to identify the microbes present in naturally occurring our man-made ecosystems. Students will learn both molecular and bioinformatics skill sets, as well as microbial ecology principles throughout this course.

BIN-INS Bioinformatics Independent Research (Irregular/On Demand; Irregular/On Demand; 1.00-4.00 Credits) This independent study will support students pursuing capstone projects. The course will focus on advancement of writing and presentation skills to a computational audience.

Data Science

DS-500 Data Science Fundamentals (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 4.00 Credits) A graduate level introduction to data science through a focus on the language R. Support tools and libraries such as Rstudio and the tidyverse will be emphasized. Students will complete the data science boot camp (a weekend in person intensive or online equivalent) at the start of this online course.

DS-510 Computer Science Fundamentals (Variable; Variable; 4.00 Credits) A graduate-level introduction to Computer Science Fundamentals through a focus on the Python language. Students will complete the data science boot camp (a weekend in-person intensive or online equivalent) at the start of this online course.

DS-516 Mathematics Fundamentals (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) Selected topics of discrete mathematics and linear algebra related to data science analysis techniques and algorithms.

DS-520 Statistics Fundamentals (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) Overview of basic statistical techniques including descriptive statistics, hypothesis testing, and regression.

DS-525 Data Acquisition & Visualization (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) A graduate-level introduction to retrieving, cleaning, and visualizing data from widely varied sources and formats. The student will use common data science languages and tools for extraction, transformation, loading and visualizing data sets. Project presentations will have an emphasis on communication skills. Tableau visualization tools and Python libraries are used.

DS-530 Multivariate Techniques (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) Multivariate statistical techniques including multivariate regression, logistic regression, and dimension reduction techniques. Students will get hands-on experience applying the topics covered to real datasets using R, a powerful and popular open-source statistical computing language. Prereqs: DS-516 and DS-520.

DS-552 Data Mining (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) This course considers the use of machine learning (ML) and data mining (DM) algorithms for the data scientist to discover information embedded in wide-ranging datasets, from the simple tables to complex data sets and big data situations. Topics include ML and DM techniques such as classification, clustering, predictive and statistical modeling using tools such as R, Python, Matlab, Weka and others. Prerequisite: DS-500, DS-510, or by permission

DS-570 Database Systems (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) This course focuses on database design and relational structures, data warehousing and access through SQL. Students will use SQL to create and pull data from database systems. NoSQL and data warehousing are also covered to give students the necessary background in database systems. Pre-Req: DS-510

DS-575 Big Data Techniques (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) This course considers the management and processing of large data sets, structured, semi-structured, and unstructured. The course focuses on modern, big data platforms such as Hadoop and NoSQL frameworks. Students will gain experience using a variety of programming tools and paradigms for manipulating big data sets on local servers and cloud platforms. Prerequisite: DS-500 or DS-510

DS-580 Data Science Capstone (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) Data science practicum requiring completion of a large-scale analysis project of a given data set. Written and oral communication skills emphasized. Prerequisites: DS-500, DS-510, DS-516, and DS-520, or instructor permission.

Education

ED-501 Foundations of Special Education (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) Special education professionals apply knowledge of theories, evidence-based practices, and relevant laws to advocate for programs, supports, and services for individuals with exceptionalities. This course provides an overview of exceptionality in children/youth from birth to 21 years of age. Students will gain foundational knowledge of the field, professional ethical principles, and practice standards to inform special education practice.

ED-502 Special Education Law (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) This course provides a breadth and depth of information on special education law including: (1) a comprehensive overview of the history of special education, (2) pertinent court cases that impacted legislation, and (3) current legislation that secures access and rights for children and youth with exceptionalities and their families. IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) and its principles will be a key focus.

ED-503 Understanding the Research in Special Ed (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) In this course students critically examine and interpret the current research in order to identify and subsequently utilize best practices in the classroom. Both qualitative and quantitative techniques are reviewed. Students review the professional literature and share findings with a learning community that embraces professional development.

ED-504 Supporting Students w/Behavioral Needs (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) This course provides an overview of strategies that promote social, emotional, and behavioral growth of students while fostering a welcoming and safe classroom environment that encourages positive behavior through the use of responsive and preventative measures. Students will learn to conduct functional behavioral analyses and apply principles of PBIS (Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports) to deliver evidence-based interventions that support positive behaviors.

ED-505 Assessment: Using Data to Drive Decisns (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) First, this course provides an overview of the special education process outlining how a child or youth is identified for services. Second, this course introduces students to a variety of assessment tools that are reliable, valid, and minimize bias. Students learn to create, administer, and score assessments and subsequently use this information to inform instruction, practices, and programming. Ethical practices and considerations are discussed.

ED-506 Effective Instruction for All (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) This course focuses on designing and delivering effective instructional strategies. Content will focus on understanding the unique needs and learning differences of all individuals and using this to inform practices and programming. In addition to an explicit and systematic approach, topics will include active student engagement, motivation, opportunities to respond, self-regulation, and grouping for instruction. Students will also learn to align standards to ensure access to the general education curriculum for all.

ED-507 Science of Reading (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) This course provides an in-depth review of the literature on structured literacy instruction that supports typical readers as well as students who struggle to acquire the literacy skills that are essential to success in school and life. Students will explore the body of work that exists on the Science of Reading (SOR) which is based upon an emerging consensus from multidisciplinary research that supports and explains the importance of explicit, systematic, and sequential instruction to support students' acquisition of literacy skills. The SOR framework for understanding reading development and disability will be utilized.

ED-508 Culturally Responsive Teaching (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits)

ED-509 Low Incidence Disabilities (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) In this course students will learn evidence-based strategies to work with learners with low-incidence disabilities, severe/multiple disabilities, and/or complex communication needs. Instructional strategies focusing on functional academics, social skills, prosocial behaviors, communicative competence, among other areas will be discussed. Additional topics include positive behavior supports, assistive technologies, AAC (Augmentative and Alternative Communication), and collaborative partnerships with families.

ED-510 Capstone in Special Education (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) Students engage in a culminating project that demonstrates the content knowledge and skills they learned throughout their program. Students identify and implement a best or emerging evidence-based practice and then collect baseline and intervention data to determine intervention effectiveness. By the end of the course, students produce a capstone paper and share their research within a learning community via a presentation. This course should be taken toward the end of the program. Pre-req: ED-501, ED-502, and ED-503

Master of Business Administration

MBA-502 21st Century Leadership (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) This graduate level course is designed to strengthen students' leadership abilities by exploring leadership concepts, theories and student's experiences of leading. The role and function of leaders looks very different today than years ago. Change is the norm. Leaders must understand today's challenges and be able to function effectively given a borderless, multicultural, virtual, and diverse group of partners, stakeholders and constituents.

MBA-511 Quantitative Analysis & Research Methods (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) Quantitative Analysis and Research Methods will examine some of the principle analytical tools for decision-making in business and investigation in the social sciences.

MBA-512 Organizational Behavior (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) In this graduate level course students will understand and interpret the theories and professional practices as related to organizational behavior. This will help students to acquire and use vital business knowledge and skills, and will invite students to think critically. Students will be able to explain relevant business, organizational, and leadership terms, facts, and processes. This will help students to acquire and use business knowledge and skills, and will encourage students to identify and transform data into useful information for decision-making. Students will analyze information to inform organizational decisions. This will help students to acquire and use business knowledge and skills, will encourage students to identify and transform data into useful information for decision-making, will force students to think critically, and will help students to recognize and evaluate the broad effects of business decisions. Students will demonstrate professional communication skills. This will assist students, as they move forward into their lives and careers, to communicate professionally. Students, working in teams, will propose solutions to a business or organizational case. This will provide students with the benefit of learning to work as members of teams.

MBA-520 Strategic Marketing Management (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits) This course focuses on refining students' skills in comprehending marketing theories and measuring marketing strategies and seeing how the marketing tactics selected need to be in alignment with strategies, such as the selection of which businesses and segments to compete in, how to allocate resources across businesses, segments, and elements of the marketing mix in a dynamic competitive environment.

MBA-521 Health Economics (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) Health Economics uses microeconomic principles to better understand the history and current structure of America's healthcare system. Particular attention is paid to special interest group lobbying, ethical concerns, sources of inefficiency in the system and a historical analysis of how America's healthcare system got to its current state.

MBA-523 Managerial Economics (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) Microeconomics is crucial to understanding the environment in which a manager operates, and as such facilitates better decisions under uncertainty. The main goal of this graduate level course is to employ microeconomic models to guide business decisions and to analyze industries. Undergirding this goal is crystallizing one's understanding of the ethical tradition of the mainstream Neoclassical economic framework and other ethical traditions that critique the Neoclassical tradition.

MBA-531 Profsnl Ethics & Social Respnsblty (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits) This graduate level course examines the responsibilities of management and senior executives as they lead organizations. The course will focus on stakeholder management, corporate social responsibility, ethics and morality, sustainable development. Students will learn to analyze, question critically, challenge and change ethical and moral standards, priorities, points of trade-off and compromise to be applied to business and professional behavior.

MBA-532 Financial Reporting (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) The course examines current practices in corporate financial reporting and fundamental issues related to asset valuation and income determination. The emphasis is on financial statement analysis and interpretation of financial disclosures to help improve risk assessment, forecasting, and decision-making.

MBA-537 Strategic Cost Management (Fall only; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) An analysis of the use of cost accounting systems to accumulate and allocate costs to support decision-making and managerial control. Emphasis is on solving real business problems. We will also explore socio-economic theories of the firm so that you may better understand the reasons/rationale for the many cost management techniques and procedures used to aid in making business decisions.

MBA-541 Operations & Information Mgmt (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) Operations and Information Management is designed to expose you to many of the widely accepted quantitative and qualitative methods for solving a wide range of business problems.

MBA-542 Entrepreneurial Management (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) Entrepreneurial Management is intended for graduate students who are interested in exploring the world of entrepreneurship and innovation for the purposes of starting their own venture (venture creation) or helping existing organizations to develop new business opportunities (intrapreneurship). The course is designed to develop critical thinking and problem-solving concepts and promote self-exploration through the investigation and implementation of real business opportunities. The goal is to provide experiential and applied learning opportunities that develop the mindset, skills and competencies that enable students to create their own opportunities and function as innovative leaders in entrepreneurial or high potential firms.

MBA-561 Healthcare Operations (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits) To understand operations' role in healthcare, it is important to appreciate the complexity of the healthcare industry and current trends that affect healthcare organizations from an operational perspective. Changes include new regulatory requirements, payment arrangements, technology, patient expectations, and provider recruitment challenges. Operations leadership must work to balance these shifting-and sometimes conflicting-priorities while 'keeping the lights on' and continuing to seek new efficiencies, while meeting increasingly competitive quality and performance metrics.

MBA-562 Healthcare Financial Management (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) In this course, students will examine the key factors impacting financial management of health care organizations. The course will discuss tools and techniques related to healthcare financial management. Students will learn to analyze financial data of these organizations, with particular emphasis on the budgeting process and cost controls.

MBA-563 Healthcare Strategy (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) This course is designed to enable an understanding of competitive strategy in a rapidly changing healthcare industry. The course focuses on understanding strategy and market structure, and discussing common business models and strategies for growth, integration, and alliance in a healthcare setting. Class members will discuss the development and selection of an organizational strategy and leadership of strategic planning and implementation processes. With successful completion of the course, students will be able to articulate the importance of identifying stakeholders, values, mission and vision for an organization, and to identify internal and external environmental factors and issues that impact strategic and business planning and performance.

MBA-571 Strategic HR Mgmt & People Analytics (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) This graduate level course examines the fundamental issues behind current theory, techniques and practices encountered in human resource management.

MBA-580 Project Mgmt and Cntg (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) MBA 580 examines the challenges of providing project management in the information age of global and cultural contexts. Project management as manifested in today's workplace provides both opportunity and great responsibility. The role and function of project managers looks very different today than years ago. Change is the norm. Project managers must understand today's challenges and be able to function effectively given a borderless, multicultural, virtual, and diverse group of team members.

MBA-590 International Business Strategy (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits) MBA 590 is an advanced level international business strategy course that focuses on the development of skills to understand a variety of business issues that professional managers face when managing organizations in international markets. Students will first develop an understanding of the conceptual frameworks that are the cornerstones for establishing global businesses. Specifically, the course will explore matters related to politics, laws, economics, cultures, ethics and norms that will affect how business professionals operate organizations in a global market. Students will be expected to learn tools relevant to international trade and investment that are critical to multinational enterprises (MNEs). Some of the key topics we will explore in this course includes entry mode choice, organizational architecture design, internal control and incentive mechanisms; and assessing the challenges of global citizenship, ethical behavior and corporate social responsibility for international business.

Organizational Leadership

ORG-501 Organizational Psychology (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits) Organizational Psychology introduces some of the major concepts and theories used to describe and shape the behavior of individuals and groups in relation to their work environments. It addresses topics such as employee burnout, diversity and equity, engagement, leadership, motivation, performance, values, and wellbeing.

ORG-502 21st Century Leadership (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) This graduate level course is designed to strengthen students' leadership abilities by exploring leadership concepts, theories and student's experiences of leading. The role and function of leaders looks very different today than years ago. Change is the norm. Leaders must understand today's challenges and be able to function effectively given a borderless, multicultural, virtual, and diverse group of partners, stakeholders and constituents.

ORG-510 Organizational Communication and Culture (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) This graduate level course blends the exploration of a critical, theoretical understanding of organizational culture with the theories and skills of leadership and change, equipping students with the knowledge and ability to develop a healthy, successful nonprofit organization. As part of this course, students will explore how values shape and define organizational culture, along with management structure, geographic scope, size, client groups and governance structures. Students will develop the theories and skills needed to lead organizational change processes.

ORG-511 Quantitative Analysis & Research Methods (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) Quantitative Analysis and Research Methods will examine some of the principle analytical tools for decision-making in business and investigation in the social sciences.

ORG-512 Organizational Behavior (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) In this graduate level course students will understand and interpret the theories and professional practices as related to organizational behavior. This will help students to acquire and use vital business knowledge and skills, and will invite students to think critically. Students will be able to explain relevant business, organizational, and leadership terms, facts, and processes. This will help students to acquire and use business knowledge and skills, and will encourage students to identify and transform data into useful information for decision-making. Students will analyze information to inform organizational decisions. This will help students to acquire and use business knowledge and skills, will encourage students to identify and transform data into useful information for decision-making, will force students to think critically, and will help students to recognize and evaluate the broad effects of business decisions. Students will demonstrate professional communication skills. This will assist students, as they move forward into their lives and careers, to communicate professionally. Students, working in teams, will propose solutions to a business or organizational case. This will provide students with the benefit of learning to work as members of teams.

ORG-520 Strategic Marketing Management (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits) This course focuses on refining students' skills in comprehending marketing theories and measuring marketing strategies and seeing how the marketing tactics selected need to be in alignment with strategies, such as the selection of which businesses and segments to compete in, how to allocate resources across businesses, segments, and elements of the marketing mix iTn a dynamic competitive environment.

ORG-530 Conflict and Change (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) This course provides the student with an introduction to the study and conflict and its resolution. We will explore the basic theoretical concepts of the field and apply this knowledge as we learn and practice skills for analyzing and resolving conflicts. The first section of the course examines the causes of conflict and explores methodologies for understanding, analyzing, and responding to them. The second section of the course focuses on skills for waging conflicts productively, and for resolving and transforming them. Throughout the course we will examine conflicts occurring within different contexts that stem from a variety of needs and interests.

ORG-531 Profsnl Ethics & Social Respnsblty (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits) This graduate level course examines the responsibilities of management and senior executives as they lead organizations. The course will focus on stakeholder management, corporate social responsibility, ethics and morality, sustainable development. Students will learn to analyze, question critically, challenge and change ethical and moral standards, priorities, points of trade-off and compromise to be applied to business and professional behavior.

ORG-542 Entrepreneurial Management (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) Entrepreneurial Management is intended for graduate students who are interested in exploring the world of entrepreneurship and innovation for the purposes of starting their own venture (venture creation) or helping existing organizations to develop new business opportunities (intrapreneurship). The course is designed to develop critical thinking and problem-solving concepts and promote self-exploration through the investigation and implementation of real business opportunities. The goal is to provide experiential and applied learning opportunities that develop the mindset, skills and competencies that enable students to create their own opportunities and function as innovative leaders in entrepreneurial or high potential firms.

ORG-571 Strategic HR Mgmt & People Analytics (Variable; Yearly; 3.00 Credits) This graduate level course examines the fundamental issues behind current theory, techniques and practices encountered in human resource management.

ORG-590 International Business Strategy (Fall & Spring; Yearly; 3.00 Credits)

ORG-595 Capstone (Variable; Yearly; 3.00-6.00 Credits) The Organizational Leadership capstone is designed to provide students with the opportunity to synthesize the materials they have worked with over the course of the program. The capstone provides students with a critical learning opportunity either in the form of public service project where students work with a client organization on a specific challenge or task, or conduct original research. The capstone project provides students with the opportunity to pursue a specific body of knowledge within a particular context, thus honing their expertise in a specific knowledge area, while also developing research skills, gathering and analyzing data, and in the case of a project, the opportunity to apply their knowledge and skills to a real-time need. Students are encouraged to work in teams to complete the capstone project.

ORG-INS Organizational Leadership Indep. Study (Variable; Variable; 1.00-4.00 Credits) Independent study course for students in Organizational Leadership master's program.

Psychology

PY-501 Organizational Psychology (Variable; Variable; 3.00 Credits) Organizational Psychology introduces some of the major concepts and theories used to describe and shape the behavior of individuals and groups in relation to their work environments. It addresses topics such as employee burnout, diversity and equity, engagement, leadership, motivation, performance, values, and wellbeing.